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Social Capital Heterogeneity: Examining Farmer and Rancher Views About Climate Change Through Their Values and Network Diversity

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  • Michael Carolan

    (Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

Abstract

Agriculture plays a crucial role in discussions about environmental challenges because of its ecological footprint and high vulnerability to environmental shocks. To better understand the social and behavioral dynamics among food producers and their perceptions of climate change-related risks, this paper draws on forty-one in-depth, semi-structured interviews with farmers and ranchers in Colorado (USA). Leveraging the concept of social capital, the paper extends the concept analytically in a direction missed by previous research highlighting network structures, such as by focusing on its bonding, bridging, and linking characteristics. Instead, focus centers on the inclusiveness and diversity of values, beliefs, worldviews, and cultural orientations within those networks, arguing that these elements can be just as influential, if not more so in certain instances, than structural qualities. The concept of social capital heterogeneity is introduced to describe a network’s level of diversity and inclusivity. The findings do not question the importance of studying network structures when trying to understand how food producers respond to threats like climate change; an approach that remains useful for explaining social learning, technology adoption, and behavioral change. However, this method misses elements captured through a subjective, interpretivist perspective. With social capital heterogeneity, we can use social capital to explore why farmers and ranchers hold specific values and risk perceptions, peering deeper “within” networks, while tools like quantitative social network analysis software help map their structures from the “outside.” Additionally, social capital heterogeneity provides valuable insights into questions about “effective” agro-environmental governance. The paper concludes by discussing practical implications of the findings and reviewing the limitations of the research design.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Carolan, 2025. "Social Capital Heterogeneity: Examining Farmer and Rancher Views About Climate Change Through Their Values and Network Diversity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:16:p:1749-:d:1724999
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