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Research on Energy Distribution Strategy of Tandem Hybrid Tractor Based on the Pontryagin Minimum Principle

Author

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  • Rundong Zhou

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
    College of Locomotive Vehicle, Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Lin Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 470139, China)

  • Xiaoting Deng

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Chao Su

    (College of Locomotive Vehicle, Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Song Fang

    (College of Locomotive Vehicle, Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Zhixiong Lu

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

Abstract

In order to study the energy distribution of the tandem hybrid tractor and achieve optimal fuel economy under the whole operating condition, an energy distribution strategy based on PMP (Pontryagin minimum principle) is proposed. The performance parameters of the relevant power components are obtained by constructing the test bench of the tandem hybrid tractor. At the same time, the mathematical model of energy distribution is established from the aspects of energy distribution objective function, state variable, and variable constraint. Based on the external characteristic test of the hub motor and the resistance analysis, the transport operation condition of the tractor is selected as the simulation target condition. The ADVISOR2002 and Simulink software are used to jointly simulate the three energy distribution strategies: the thermostat type, the power-following type, and the PMP type. The simulation results show that, compared with the other two, the fuel economy and battery power loss of the PMP-based energy distribution strategy are significantly improved. The fuel consumption per 100 km is decreased by 32.91% and 26.10%, respectively, which verifies the feasibility of the strategy. This study is of great significance for improving the production efficiency and reducing fuel consumption of hybrid tractors.

Suggested Citation

  • Rundong Zhou & Lin Wang & Xiaoting Deng & Chao Su & Song Fang & Zhixiong Lu, 2024. "Research on Energy Distribution Strategy of Tandem Hybrid Tractor Based on the Pontryagin Minimum Principle," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:3:p:440-:d:1353321
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhen Zhu & Lingxin Zeng & Long Chen & Rong Zou & Yingfeng Cai, 2022. "Fuzzy Adaptive Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Agricultural Tractor Equipped with HMCVT," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Lombardi, Simone & Di Ilio, Giovanni & Tribioli, Laura & Jannelli, Elio, 2023. "Optimal design of an adaptive energy management strategy for a fuel cell tractor operating in ports," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Yifei Yang & Yifang Wen & Xiaodong Sun & Renzhong Wang & Ziyin Dong, 2025. "A Review of Green Agriculture and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Tractors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Xiaoting Deng & Zheng Wang & Zhixiong Lu & Kai Zhang & Xiaoxu Sun & Xuekai Huang, 2025. "Real-Time Energy-Efficient Control Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Tractor Based on Operational Speed Prediction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-24, June.

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