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Real-Time Energy-Efficient Control Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Tractor Based on Operational Speed Prediction

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoting Deng

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Zheng Wang

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Zhixiong Lu

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Kai Zhang

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Xiaoxu Sun

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

  • Xuekai Huang

    (College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China)

Abstract

This study develops a real-time energy-efficient control strategy for distributed-drive electric tractors (DDETs) to minimize electrical energy consumption during traction operations. Taking a four-wheel independently driven DDET as the research object, we conduct dynamic analysis of draft operations and establish dynamic models of individual components in the tractor’s drive and transmission system. A backpropagation (BP) neural network-based operational speed prediction model is constructed to forecast operational speed within a finite prediction horizon. Within the model predictive control (MPC) framework, a real-time energy-efficient control strategy is formulated, employing a dynamic programming algorithm for receding horizon optimization of energy consumption minimization. Through plowing operation simulation with comparative analysis against a conventional equal torque distribution strategy, the results indicate that the proposed real-time energy-efficient control strategy exhibits superior performance across all evaluation metrics, providing valuable technical guidance for future research on energy-efficient control strategies in agricultural electric vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoting Deng & Zheng Wang & Zhixiong Lu & Kai Zhang & Xiaoxu Sun & Xuekai Huang, 2025. "Real-Time Energy-Efficient Control Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Tractor Based on Operational Speed Prediction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:13:p:1398-:d:1690246
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rundong Zhou & Lin Wang & Xiaoting Deng & Chao Su & Song Fang & Zhixiong Lu, 2024. "Research on Energy Distribution Strategy of Tandem Hybrid Tractor Based on the Pontryagin Minimum Principle," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Yuhui An & Lin Wang & Xiaoting Deng & Hao Chen & Zhixiong Lu & Tao Wang, 2023. "Research on Differential Steering Dynamics Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Tractor," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Meng Yang & Xiaoxu Sun & Xiaoting Deng & Zhixiong Lu & Tao Wang, 2023. "Extrapolation of Tractor Traction Resistance Load Spectrum and Compilation of Loading Spectrum Based on Optimal Threshold Selection Using a Genetic Algorithm," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Kai Zhang & Xiaoting Deng & Zhixiong Lu & Tao Wang, 2024. "Research on the Energy Management Strategy of a Hybrid Tractor OS-ECVT Based on a Dynamic Programming Algorithm," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, September.
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