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Driver-Oriented Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses

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  • Xiang Tian

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
    Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China)

  • Ma Wan

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Xinqiang Chen

    (Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China)

  • Yingfeng Cai

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Xiaodong Sun

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Zhen Zhu

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

Abstract

The adaptability of the supervisory control strategy of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) to different driving styles determines the energy-saving performance. This paper proposes a driver-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for PHEBs. The strategy aims to improve the fuel economy of PHEBs as much as possible by adapting to different driving styles while satisfying the physical constraints of the hybrid power system. Firstly, an online driving style recognition algorithm based on the Fuzzy K -means (FKM) algorithm and the random forest (RF) method is devised, in which the FKM algorithm is used to preprocess the feature parameters related to driving styles and the RF method is utilized to identify the driver’s driving style. Secondly, the driving style recognition results are introduced into the ECMS framework to form a driver-oriented energy management strategy. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified using both Matlab/Simulink and Hardware-in-the-Loop. The verification results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy improves the fuel economy of PHEBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiang Tian & Ma Wan & Xinqiang Chen & Yingfeng Cai & Xiaodong Sun & Zhen Zhu, 2025. "Driver-Oriented Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:5033-:d:1755015
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