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Which Industries Received PPP Loans?

Author

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  • Garrett Borawski
  • Mark E. Schweitzer

Abstract

We examine the financial challenges faced by small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimate the scale of loans provided to small businesses through the Paycheck Protection Program. We find that the program reached businesses throughout the economy, and we estimate that small businesses in most industry sectors received loans equivalent to between 80 percent and 120 percent of 10 weeks of their 2017 payrolls. That said, there are important differences in the distribution of funds across sectors that suggest some businesses had problems accessing loans and that a significant number of firms with more than 500 employees likely used alternative size criteria to qualify for the program.

Suggested Citation

  • Garrett Borawski & Mark E. Schweitzer, 2021. "Which Industries Received PPP Loans?," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2021(08), pages 1-8, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcec:90559
    DOI: 10.26509/frbc-ec-210108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Glenn Hubbard & Michael R. Strain, 2020. "Has the Paycheck Protection Program Succeeded?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(3 (Fall)), pages 335-390.
    2. repec:aei:rpaper:1008582843 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Garrett Borawski & Mark E. Schweitzer, 2021. "How Well Did PPP Loans Reach Low- and Moderate-Income Communities?," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2021(13), pages 1-5, May.
    2. Steiner, Eva & Tchistyi, Alexei, 2024. "Distortionary effects of PPP loans on business competition," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    3. Daniel G. Neely & Gregory D. Saxton & Paul A. Wong, 2023. "Nonprofit Organizations’ Financial Obligations and the Paycheck Protection Program," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(7), pages 4353-4361, July.

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