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Growth, investment and military expenditure in the European Union‐15

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  • Christos Kollias
  • Suzanna‐Maria Paleologou

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between growth, investment and military expenditure in the case of the European Union‐15. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses fixed panel models, random coefficient models and a trivariate VAR model to examine empirically the relationship between these three macroeconomic variables. Findings - The results obtained and reported herein show a significant positive effect of the growth rate on the share of military expenditure and on the share of investment. However, on the whole, the findings do not seem to point to any consistent quantitative relation between defence spending and either growth or investment. Thus, they appear to be in line with the findings of other studies. Originality/value - The economic effects of military spending have drawn considerable attention. Demand side effects on capacity utilisation are one possible channel through which the economy can be positively affected by such expenditure. On the other hand however, reduced investment and capital stock have been reported as a possible negative economic impact of defence outlays that can more than offset any growth inducing effective demand stimulation. The paper attempts a simultaneous assessment of the impact of defence expenditure on both growth and investment for the EU‐15, something that has not been tried before.

Suggested Citation

  • Christos Kollias & Suzanna‐Maria Paleologou, 2010. "Growth, investment and military expenditure in the European Union‐15," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 37(2), pages 228-240, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:jespps:v:37:y:2010:i:2:p:228-240
    DOI: 10.1108/01443581011043618
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacques Fontanel & Ron Smith, 1991. "A European Defence Union," Post-Print hal-02970613, HAL.
    2. Swamy, P A V B, 1970. "Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 38(2), pages 311-323, March.
    3. G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu, 1999. "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 631-652, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gitana Dudzevičiūtė & Svajone Bekesiene & Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene & Galina Ševčenko-Kozlovska, 2021. "An Assessment of the Relationship between Defence Expenditure and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-27, June.
    2. Florin ŞUHAN, 2019. "Study On Defense Expenditure And Its Financing," EURINT, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 6, pages 256-268.
    3. Alexandra Kechrinioti & Dimitrios Karamanis, 2025. "The Greek-Turkish Rivalry: A Bayesian VAR Approach," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 395-410, April.
    4. Caruso Raul & Antonella Biscione, 2022. "Militarization and Income Inequality in European Countries (2000–2017)," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 28(3), pages 267-285, September.
    5. Nusrate Aziz & M. Niaz Asadullah, 2017. "Military spending, armed conflict and economic growth in developing countries in the post-Cold War era," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 44(1), pages 47-68, January.
    6. Kyriakos Emmanouilidis & Christos Karpetis, 2020. "The Defense–Growth Nexus: A Review of Time Series Methods and Empirical Results," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 86-104, January.
    7. Antonella Biscione & Raul Caruso, 2021. "Military Expenditures and Income Inequality Evidence from a Panel of Transition Countries (1990-2015)," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(1), pages 46-67, January.
    8. çenberci, engin, 2020. "The Nexus Between Defense Spending and Growth: Empirical Analysis of First Euro Users," MPRA Paper 111273, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Christos Kollias & Panayiotis Tzeremes, 2022. "Militarization, investment, and economic growth 1995–2019," Economics of Peace and Security Journal, EPS Publishing, vol. 17(1), pages 17-29, April.
    10. Christos Kollias & Suzanna-Maria Paleologou, 2019. "Military spending, economic growth and investment: a disaggregated analysis by income group," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 935-958, March.
    11. Christos Kollias & Suzanna-Maria Paleologou, 2016. "Investment, growth, and defense expenditure in the EU15: Revisiting the nexus using SIPRI’s new consistent dataset," Economics of Peace and Security Journal, EPS Publishing, vol. 11(2), pages 28-37, October.
    12. Kollias, Christos & Paleologou, Suzanna-Maria, 2013. "Guns, highways and economic growth in the United States," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 449-455.
    13. Tea Kasradze, 2020. "Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic," European Journal of Marketing and Economics Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 3, ejme_v3_i.
    14. Halkos, George & Paizanos, Epameinondas, 2015. "Fiscal policy and economic performance: A review of the theoretical and empirical literature," MPRA Paper 67737, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Duygu Yolcu Karadam & Nadir Öcal & Jülide Yildirim, 2023. "Distinct Asymmetric Effects of Military Spending on Economic Growth for Different Income Groups of Countries," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 477-494, May.
    16. Mert Topcu & Ilhan Aras, 2015. "Defense spending and economic growth: Extended empirical analysis for the European Union," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 233-246, April.

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