IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v38y2014icp99-120.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A review on Integrated Renewable Energy System based power generation for stand-alone applications: Configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and control

Author

Listed:
  • Chauhan, Anurag
  • Saini, R.P.

Abstract

Uneconomical extension of the grid has led to generation of electric power at the end user facility and has been proved to be cost effective and to an extent efficient. With augmented significance on eco-friendly technologies the use of renewable energy sources such as micro-hydro, wind, solar, biomass and biogas is being explored. This paper presents an extensive review on various issues related to Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) based power generation. Issues related to integration configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and system control for energy flow management are discussed in detail. For stand-alone applications integration of renewable energy sources, performed through DC coupled, AC coupled or hybrid DC–AC coupled configurations, are studied in detail. Based on the requirement of storage duration in isolated areas, storage technology options can be selected for integrated systems. Uncertainties involved in designing an effective IRES based power generation system for isolated areas is accounted due to highly dynamic nature of availability of sources and the demand at site. Different methodologies adopted and reported in literature for sizing of the system components are presented. Distributed control, centralized and hybrid control schemes for energy flow management in IRES have also been discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Chauhan, Anurag & Saini, R.P., 2014. "A review on Integrated Renewable Energy System based power generation for stand-alone applications: Configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 99-120.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:38:y:2014:i:c:p:99-120
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.079
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114004043
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.079?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kashefi Kaviani, A. & Riahy, G.H. & Kouhsari, SH.M., 2009. "Optimal design of a reliable hydrogen-based stand-alone wind/PV generating system, considering component outages," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2380-2390.
    2. Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2013. "Probabilistic modelling and analysis of stand-alone hybrid power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 19-27.
    3. Mellit, A. & Benghanem, M. & Arab, A. Hadj & Guessoum, A., 2005. "An adaptive artificial neural network model for sizing stand-alone photovoltaic systems: application for isolated sites in Algeria," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(10), pages 1501-1524.
    4. Gupta, Ajai & Saini, R.P. & Sharma, M.P., 2011. "Modelling of hybrid energy system—Part I: Problem formulation and model development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 459-465.
    5. Haidar, Ahmed M.A. & John, Priscilla N. & Shawal, Mohd, 2011. "Optimal configuration assessment of renewable energy in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 881-888.
    6. Yang, H.X. & Lu, L. & Burnett, J., 2003. "Weather data and probability analysis of hybrid photovoltaic–wind power generation systems in Hong Kong," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(11), pages 1813-1824.
    7. Belmili, Hocine & Haddadi, Mourad & Bacha, Seddik & Almi, Mohamed Fayçal & Bendib, Boualem, 2014. "Sizing stand-alone photovoltaic–wind hybrid system: Techno-economic analysis and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 821-832.
    8. Zhang, Xiongwen & Tan, Siew-Chong & Li, Guojun & Li, Jun & Feng, Zhenping, 2013. "Components sizing of hybrid energy systems via the optimization of power dispatch simulations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 165-172.
    9. Beccali, M. & Brunone, S. & Cellura, M. & Franzitta, V., 2008. "Energy, economic and environmental analysis on RET-hydrogen systems in residential buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 366-382.
    10. Rehman, Shafiqur & Al-Hadhrami, Luai M., 2010. "Study of a solar PV–diesel–battery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4986-4995.
    11. Ippolito, M.G. & Di Silvestre, M.L. & Riva Sanseverino, E. & Zizzo, G. & Graditi, G., 2014. "Multi-objective optimized management of electrical energy storage systems in an islanded network with renewable energy sources under different design scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 648-662.
    12. Akella, A.K. & Sharma, M.P. & Saini, R.P., 2007. "Optimum utilization of renewable energy sources in a remote area," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(5), pages 894-908, June.
    13. Hakimi, S.M. & Moghaddas-Tafreshi, S.M., 2009. "Optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid power system via particle swarm optimization for Kahnouj area in south-east of Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1855-1862.
    14. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2010. "A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1059-1082, April.
    15. Bernal-Agustín, José L. & Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Rivas-Ascaso, David M., 2006. "Design of isolated hybrid systems minimizing costs and pollutant emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 2227-2244.
    16. Ould Bilal, B. & Sambou, V. & Ndiaye, P.A. & Kébé, C.M.F. & Ndongo, M., 2010. "Optimal design of a hybrid solar–wind-battery system using the minimization of the annualized cost system and the minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2388-2390.
    17. Dalton, G.J. & Lockington, D.A. & Baldock, T.E., 2009. "Case study feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply options for small to medium-sized tourist accommodations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 1134-1144.
    18. Ashenayi, K. & Ramakumar, R., 1990. "IRES—A program to design integrated renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 15(12), pages 1143-1152.
    19. Kanase-Patil, A.B. & Saini, R.P. & Sharma, M.P., 2011. "Development of IREOM model based on seasonally varying load profile for hilly remote areas of Uttarakhand state in India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5690-5702.
    20. Abbes, Dhaker & Martinez, André & Champenois, Gérard, 2014. "Life cycle cost, embodied energy and loss of power supply probability for the optimal design of hybrid power systems," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 46-62.
    21. Ramos, J.S. & Ramos, H.M., 2009. "Sustainable application of renewable sources in water pumping systems: Optimized energy system configuration," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 633-643, February.
    22. Fadaee, M. & Radzi, M.A.M., 2012. "Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system by using evolutionary algorithms: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3364-3369.
    23. Himri, Y. & Boudghene Stambouli, A. & Draoui, B. & Himri, S., 2008. "Techno-economical study of hybrid power system for a remote village in Algeria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1128-1136.
    24. Bakos, G. C. & Soursos, M., 2002. "Techno-economic assessment of a stand-alone PV/hybrid installation for low-cost electrification of a tourist resort in Greece," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 183-193, October.
    25. Kenfack, Joseph & Neirac, François Pascal & Tatietse, Thomas Tamo & Mayer, Didier & Fogue, Médard & Lejeune, André, 2009. "Microhydro-PV-hybrid system: Sizing a small hydro-PV-hybrid system for rural electrification in developing countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2259-2263.
    26. Bekele, Getachew & Palm, Björn, 2010. "Feasibility study for a standalone solar-wind-based hybrid energy system for application in Ethiopia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 487-495, February.
    27. Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L. & Mendoza, Franklin, 2009. "Design and economical analysis of hybrid PV-wind systems connected to the grid for the intermittent production of hydrogen," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3082-3095, August.
    28. Maheri, Alireza, 2014. "Multi-objective design optimisation of standalone hybrid wind-PV-diesel systems under uncertainties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 650-661.
    29. Prasad, A. Rajendra & Natarajan, E., 2006. "Optimization of integrated photovoltaic–wind power generation systems with battery storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 1943-1954.
    30. Nandi, Sanjoy Kumar & Ghosh, Himangshu Ranjan, 2009. "A wind-PV-battery hybrid power system at Sitakunda in Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3659-3664, September.
    31. Shaahid, S.M. & Elhadidy, M.A., 2008. "Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions--A step to clean future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 488-503, February.
    32. Nfah, E.M. & Ngundam, J.M., 2009. "Feasibility of pico-hydro and photovoltaic hybrid power systems for remote villages in Cameroon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1445-1450.
    33. Lau, K.Y. & Yousof, M.F.M. & Arshad, S.N.M. & Anwari, M. & Yatim, A.H.M., 2010. "Performance analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel energy system under Malaysian conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 3245-3255.
    34. Nfah, E.M. & Ngundam, J.M. & Vandenbergh, M. & Schmid, J., 2008. "Simulation of off-grid generation options for remote villages in Cameroon," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 1064-1072.
    35. Moura, Pedro S. & de Almeida, Aníbal T., 2010. "Multi-objective optimization of a mixed renewable system with demand-side management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 1461-1468, June.
    36. Shaahid, S.M. & Elhadidy, M.A., 2007. "Technical and economic assessment of grid-independent hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for commercial loads in desert environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1794-1810, October.
    37. Diaf, S. & Belhamel, M. & Haddadi, M. & Louche, A., 2008. "Technical and economic assessment of hybrid photovoltaic/wind system with battery storage in Corsica island," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 743-754, February.
    38. Sharafi, Masoud & ELMekkawy, Tarek Y., 2014. "Multi-objective optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems using PSO-simulation based approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 67-79.
    39. Paliwal, Priyanka & Patidar, N.P. & Nema, R.K., 2014. "Determination of reliability constrained optimal resource mix for an autonomous hybrid power system using Particle Swarm Optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 194-204.
    40. Arnette, Andrew & Zobel, Christopher W., 2012. "An optimization model for regional renewable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4606-4615.
    41. Abedi, S. & Alimardani, A. & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Riahy, G.H. & Hosseinian, S.H., 2012. "A comprehensive method for optimal power management and design of hybrid RES-based autonomous energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1577-1587.
    42. Rehman, S. & El-Amin, I.M. & Ahmad, F. & Shaahid, S.M. & Al-Shehri, A.M. & Bakhashwain, J.M. & Shash, A., 2007. "Feasibility study of hybrid retrofits to an isolated off-grid diesel power plant," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 635-653, May.
    43. Ashok, S., 2007. "Optimised model for community-based hybrid energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1155-1164.
    44. Dalton, G.J. & Lockington, D.A. & Baldock, T.E., 2008. "Feasibility analysis of stand-alone renewable energy supply options for a large hotel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1475-1490.
    45. Dalton, G.J. & Lockington, D.A. & Baldock, T.E., 2009. "Feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply options for a grid-connected large hotel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 955-964.
    46. Weis, Timothy M. & Ilinca, Adrian, 2008. "The utility of energy storage to improve the economics of wind–diesel power plants in Canada," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1544-1557.
    47. Kumar Nandi, Sanjoy & Ranjan Ghosh, Himangshu, 2010. "Techno-economical analysis of off-grid hybrid systems at Kutubdia Island, Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 976-980, February.
    48. Alzola, J.A. & Vechiu, I. & Camblong, H. & Santos, M. & Sall, M. & Sow, G., 2009. "Microgrids project, Part 2: Design of an electrification kit with high content of renewable energy sources in Senegal," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2151-2159.
    49. Yang, Hongxing & Wei, Zhou & Chengzhi, Lou, 2009. "Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar-wind power generation system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 163-169, February.
    50. Erdinc, O. & Uzunoglu, M., 2012. "Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy systems: Overview of different approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1412-1425.
    51. Li, Chun-Hua & Zhu, Xin-Jian & Cao, Guang-Yi & Sui, Sheng & Hu, Ming-Ruo, 2009. "Dynamic modeling and sizing optimization of stand-alone photovoltaic power systems using hybrid energy storage technology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 815-826.
    52. Kanase-Patil, A.B. & Saini, R.P. & Sharma, M.P., 2011. "Sizing of integrated renewable energy system based on load profiles and reliability index for the state of Uttarakhand in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2809-2821.
    53. Gupta, Ajai & Saini, R.P. & Sharma, M.P., 2010. "Steady-state modelling of hybrid energy system for off grid electrification of cluster of villages," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 520-535.
    54. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kondili, E., 2009. "Optimum autonomous stand-alone photovoltaic system design on the basis of energy pay-back analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1187-1198.
    55. Shaahid, S.M. & El-Amin, I., 2009. "Techno-economic evaluation of off-grid hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for rural electrification in Saudi Arabia--A way forward for sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 625-633, April.
    56. Uzunoglu, M. & Onar, O.C. & Alam, M.S., 2009. "Modeling, control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 509-520.
    57. Ekren, Orhan & Ekren, Banu Yetkin, 2008. "Size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(11), pages 1086-1101, November.
    58. Ekren, Banu Y. & Ekren, Orhan, 2009. "Simulation based size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage under various load and auxiliary energy conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1387-1394, September.
    59. Bajpai, Prabodh & Dash, Vaishalee, 2012. "Hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2926-2939.
    60. Tzamalis, G. & Zoulias, E.I. & Stamatakis, E. & Varkaraki, E. & Lois, E. & Zannikos, F., 2011. "Techno-economic analysis of an autonomous power system integrating hydrogen technology as energy storage medium," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 118-124.
    61. Sinha, Sunanda & Chandel, S.S., 2014. "Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 192-205.
    62. Silva, Sergio B. & de Oliveira, Marco A.G. & Severino, Mauro M., 2010. "Economic evaluation and optimization of a photovoltaic-fuel cell-batteries hybrid system for use in the Brazilian Amazon," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 6713-6723, November.
    63. El-Shatter, Th.F. & Eskandar, M.N. & El-Hagry, M.T., 2002. "Hybrid PV/fuel cell system design and simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 479-485.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Erdinc, O. & Uzunoglu, M., 2012. "Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy systems: Overview of different approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1412-1425.
    2. Mandelli, Stefano & Barbieri, Jacopo & Mereu, Riccardo & Colombo, Emanuela, 2016. "Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1621-1646.
    3. Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad & Adel Merabet & Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, 2022. "Review of Latest Advances and Prospects of Energy Storage Systems: Considering Economic, Reliability, Sizing, and Environmental Impacts Approach," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-25, June.
    4. Bahramara, S. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Haghifam, M.R., 2016. "Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 609-620.
    5. Tezer, Tuba & Yaman, Ramazan & Yaman, Gülşen, 2017. "Evaluation of approaches used for optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 840-853.
    6. Akikur, R.K. & Saidur, R. & Ping, H.W. & Ullah, K.R., 2013. "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid rural electrification: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 738-752.
    7. Anoune, Kamal & Bouya, Mohsine & Astito, Abdelali & Abdellah, Abdellatif Ben, 2018. "Sizing methods and optimization techniques for PV-wind based hybrid renewable energy system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 652-673.
    8. Siddaiah, Rajanna & Saini, R.P., 2016. "A review on planning, configurations, modeling and optimization techniques of hybrid renewable energy systems for off grid applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 376-396.
    9. William López-Castrillón & Héctor H. Sepúlveda & Cristian Mattar, 2021. "Off-Grid Hybrid Electrical Generation Systems in Remote Communities: Trends and Characteristics in Sustainability Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-29, May.
    10. Perera, A.T.D. & Attalage, R.A. & Perera, K.K.C.K. & Dassanayake, V.P.C., 2013. "Designing standalone hybrid energy systems minimizing initial investment, life cycle cost and pollutant emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 220-230.
    11. Fathima, A. Hina & Palanisamy, K., 2015. "Optimization in microgrids with hybrid energy systems – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 431-446.
    12. Khan, Mohammad Junaid & Yadav, Amit Kumar & Mathew, Lini, 2017. "Techno economic feasibility analysis of different combinations of PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery hybrid system for telecommunication applications in different cities of Punjab, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 577-607.
    13. Goel, Sonali & Sharma, Renu, 2017. "Performance evaluation of stand alone, grid connected and hybrid renewable energy systems for rural application: A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1378-1389.
    14. Mehrabankhomartash, Mahmoud & Rayati, Mohammad & Sheikhi, Aras & Ranjbar, Ali Mohammad, 2017. "Practical battery size optimization of a PV system by considering individual customer damage function," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 36-50.
    15. Sinha, Sunanda & Chandel, S.S., 2015. "Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for solar photovoltaic–wind based hybrid energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 755-769.
    16. Khatib, Tamer & Mohamed, Azah & Sopian, K., 2013. "A review of photovoltaic systems size optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 454-465.
    17. Chauhan, Anurag & Saini, R.P., 2016. "Techno-economic optimization based approach for energy management of a stand-alone integrated renewable energy system for remote areas of India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 138-156.
    18. Abhi Chatterjee & Daniel Burmester & Alan Brent & Ramesh Rayudu, 2019. "Research Insights and Knowledge Headways for Developing Remote, Off-Grid Microgrids in Developing Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    19. Zahraee, S.M. & Khalaji Assadi, M. & Saidur, R., 2016. "Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Hybrid Energy System Optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 617-630.
    20. Das, Barun K. & Hoque, Najmul & Mandal, Soumya & Pal, Tapas Kumar & Raihan, Md Abu, 2017. "A techno-economic feasibility of a stand-alone hybrid power generation for remote area application in Bangladesh," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 775-788.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:38:y:2014:i:c:p:99-120. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.