IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v215y2025ics1364032125002412.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Critical observation on partially shaded PV modules and effects on sustainable applications

Author

Listed:
  • Shrivastava, Manish
  • Singh, Ashok Kumar
  • Gautam, Desh Deepak

Abstract

The projected approach investigates the effects and performance of photovoltaic (PV) cells under partial illuminations. This work is crucial because PV cells, which are frequently used in sustainable electrical power productions and follows the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and electrical power output variations. As a novel approach, it shows the significant elements that affect how well a particular type of PV cell technology performs in relation to energy applications that are typically obscured by ambient elements like trees, buildings, and clouds, etc. The projected scheme aims to enumerate the electrical yield capability of PV cells under the partial light and understand the impact of this on their efficacy and overall performance of the system. Using a combination of parametric study and suitable reconfigured models, the study investigates the electrical characteristics of partially shaded/distributed illuminations and the probable solution of the performance barriers of the respective situations. The results highlight the necessity for adequate installation and shade mitigation strategies, since even a little amount of shadowing can have a significant influence on energy output, but the totally cross tied reconfiguration shows the best results among the presented interconnections. The paper also discusses the broader implications for sustainable applications, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to maintain high efficiency in real-world environments. By improving the PV system's reliability and efficiency in producing sustainable energy, this study contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy) towards the global transition to renewable energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Shrivastava, Manish & Singh, Ashok Kumar & Gautam, Desh Deepak, 2025. "Critical observation on partially shaded PV modules and effects on sustainable applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:215:y:2025:i:c:s1364032125002412
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115568
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032125002412
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115568?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aljafari, Belqasem & Satpathy, Priya Ranjan & Thanikanti, Sudhakar Babu, 2022. "Partial shading mitigation in PV arrays through dragonfly algorithm based dynamic reconfiguration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    2. Pareek, Smita & Dahiya, Ratna, 2016. "Enhanced power generation of partial shaded photovoltaic fields by forecasting the interconnection of modules," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 561-572.
    3. Satpathy, Priya Ranjan & Jena, Sasmita & Sharma, Renu, 2018. "Power enhancement from partially shaded modules of solar PV arrays through various interconnections among modules," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 839-850.
    4. Yadav, Anurag Singh & Mukherjee, V., 2021. "Conventional and advanced PV array configurations to extract maximum power under partial shading conditions: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 977-1005.
    5. Lee, Sangik & Lee, Jong-hyuk & Jeong, Youngjoon & Kim, Dongsu & Seo, Byung-hun & Seo, Ye-jin & Kim, Taejin & Choi, Won, 2023. "Agrivoltaic system designing for sustainability and smart farming: Agronomic aspects and design criteria with safety assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    6. Tabanjat, Abdulkader & Becherif, Mohamed & Hissel, Daniel, 2015. "Reconfiguration solution for shaded PV panels using switching control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 4-13.
    7. Al-Amri, Fahad & Saeed, Farooq & Mujeebu, Muhammad Abdul, 2022. "Novel dual-function racking structure for passive cooling of solar PV panels –thermal performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 100-113.
    8. Mehedi, I.M. & Salam, Z. & Ramli, M.Z. & Chin, V.J. & Bassi, H. & Rawa, M.J.H. & Abdullah, M.P., 2021. "Critical evaluation and review of partial shading mitigation methods for grid-connected PV system using hardware solutions: The module-level and array-level approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    9. Petrone, G. & Serra, F. & Spagnuolo, G. & Monmasson, E., 2019. "SoC implementation of a photovoltaic reconfiguration algorithm by exploiting a HLS-based architecture," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 520-537.
    10. Chayut Tubniyom & Rongrit Chatthaworn & Amnart Suksri & Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian, 2018. "Minimization of Losses in Solar Photovoltaic Modules by Reconfiguration under Various Patterns of Partial Shading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Liu, Ming & Steven Tay, N.H. & Bell, Stuart & Belusko, Martin & Jacob, Rhys & Will, Geoffrey & Saman, Wasim & Bruno, Frank, 2016. "Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1411-1432.
    12. Kumar Sahu, Bikash, 2015. "A study on global solar PV energy developments and policies with special focus on the top ten solar PV power producing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 621-634.
    13. Lee, Chung-Jui & Lin, Jen-Fin, 2012. "High-efficiency concentrated optical module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 593-603.
    14. Skoplaki, E. & Palyvos, J.A., 2009. "Operating temperature of photovoltaic modules: A survey of pertinent correlations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 23-29.
    15. Bahaidarah, Haitham M.S. & Baloch, Ahmer A.B. & Gandhidasan, Palanichamy, 2016. "Uniform cooling of photovoltaic panels: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1520-1544.
    16. Wang, Yaw-Juen & Hsu, Po-Chun, 2011. "An investigation on partial shading of PV modules with different connection configurations of PV cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3069-3078.
    17. Potnuru, Srinivasa Rao & Pattabiraman, Dinesh & Ganesan, Saravana Ilango & Chilakapati, Nagamani, 2015. "Positioning of PV panels for reduction in line losses and mismatch losses in PV array," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 264-275.
    18. Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés & Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez & Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja, 2015. "Reconfiguration of Urban Photovoltaic Arrays Using Commercial Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, December.
    19. Hasan, M.A. & Parida, S.K., 2016. "An overview of solar photovoltaic panel modeling based on analytical and experimental viewpoint," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 75-83.
    20. Hosenuzzaman, M. & Rahim, N.A. & Selvaraj, J. & Hasanuzzaman, M. & Malek, A.B.M.A. & Nahar, A., 2015. "Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar photovoltaic power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 284-297.
    21. Iwabuchi, Koki & Watari, Daichi & Zhao, Dafang & Taniguchi, Ittetsu & Catthoor, Francky & Onoye, Takao, 2025. "Enhancing grid stability in PV systems: A novel ramp rate control method utilizing PV cooling technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    22. Dolara, Alberto & Lazaroiu, George Cristian & Leva, Sonia & Manzolini, Giampaolo, 2013. "Experimental investigation of partial shading scenarios on PV (photovoltaic) modules," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 466-475.
    23. Balato, M. & Costanzo, L. & Vitelli, M., 2015. "Series–Parallel PV array re-configuration: Maximization of the extraction of energy and much more," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 145-160.
    24. Kostas Sinapis & Konstantinos Tsatsakis & Maarten Dörenkämper & Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark, 2021. "Evaluation and Analysis of Selective Deployment of Power Optimizers for Residential PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    25. Celik, Berk & Karatepe, Engin & Silvestre, Santiago & Gokmen, Nuri & Chouder, Aissa, 2015. "Analysis of spatial fixed PV arrays configurations to maximize energy harvesting in BIPV applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 534-540.
    26. Li, Guiqiang & Xuan, Qingdong & Pei, Gang & Su, Yuehong & Ji, Jie, 2018. "Effect of non-uniform illumination and temperature distribution on concentrating solar cell - A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 1119-1136.
    27. Malathy, S. & Ramaprabha, R., 2018. "Reconfiguration strategies to extract maximum power from photovoltaic array under partially shaded conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2922-2934.
    28. Fatimah Ameen & Abdulrahman Siddiq & Attila Trohák & Rabab Benotsmane, 2023. "A Scalable Hierarchical Dynamic PV Array Reconfiguration under Partial Shading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-20, December.
    29. Shanks, Katie & Senthilarasu, S. & Mallick, Tapas K., 2016. "Optics for concentrating photovoltaics: Trends, limits and opportunities for materials and design," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 394-407.
    30. Baig, Hasan & Heasman, Keith C. & Mallick, Tapas K., 2012. "Non-uniform illumination in concentrating solar cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5890-5909.
    31. Tyagi, V.V. & Rahim, Nurul A.A. & Rahim, N.A. & Selvaraj, Jeyraj A./L., 2013. "Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 443-461.
    32. Jongseung Yoon & Lanfang Li & Andrey V. Semichaevsky & Jae Ha Ryu & Harley T. Johnson & Ralph G. Nuzzo & John A. Rogers, 2011. "Flexible concentrator photovoltaics based on microscale silicon solar cells embedded in luminescent waveguides," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 2(1), pages 1-8, September.
    33. Tiwari, G.N. & Mishra, R.K. & Solanki, S.C., 2011. "Photovoltaic modules and their applications: A review on thermal modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2287-2304, July.
    34. Kerzmann, Tony & Schaefer, Laura, 2012. "System simulation of a linear concentrating photovoltaic system with an active cooling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 254-261.
    35. Meng, B. & Loonen, R.C.G.M. & Hensen, J.L.M., 2022. "Performance variability and implications for yield prediction of rooftop PV systems – Analysis of 246 identical systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    36. Madala, Srikanth & Boehm, Robert F., 2017. "A review of nonimaging solar concentrators for stationary and passive tracking applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 309-322.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Guiqiang & Xuan, Qingdong & Pei, Gang & Su, Yuehong & Ji, Jie, 2018. "Effect of non-uniform illumination and temperature distribution on concentrating solar cell - A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 1119-1136.
    2. Ranjbaran, Parisa & Yousefi, Hossein & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Astaraei, Fatemeh Razi, 2019. "A review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation units," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 332-347.
    3. Yadav, Anurag Singh & Mukherjee, V., 2021. "Conventional and advanced PV array configurations to extract maximum power under partial shading conditions: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 977-1005.
    4. Bana, Sangram & Saini, R.P., 2017. "Experimental investigation on power output of different photovoltaic array configurations under uniform and partial shading scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 438-453.
    5. Xing, Yupeng & Han, Peide & Wang, Shuai & Liang, Peng & Lou, Shishu & Zhang, Yuanbo & Hu, Shaoxu & Zhu, Huishi & Zhao, Chunhua & Mi, Yanhong, 2015. "A review of concentrator silicon solar cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1697-1708.
    6. Ahmad, Mohd Faraz & Arif, M. Saad Bin & Jalil, Mohd Faisal & Rizvi, Masood & Bansal, R.C., 2025. "Recent developments, challenges, and future scenarios in PV Array reconfiguration for mitigating partial shading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
    7. Bai, Attila & Popp, József & Balogh, Péter & Gabnai, Zoltán & Pályi, Béla & Farkas, István & Pintér, Gábor & Zsiborács, Henrik, 2016. "Technical and economic effects of cooling of monocrystalline photovoltaic modules under Hungarian conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1086-1099.
    8. Giuseppe Schettino & Filippo Pellitteri & Guido Ala & Rosario Miceli & Pietro Romano & Fabio Viola, 2020. "Dynamic Reconfiguration Systems for PV Plant: Technical and Economic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    9. Xiaoguang Liu & Yuefeng Wang, 2019. "Reconfiguration Method to Extract More Power from Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays with Series-Parallel Topology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.
    10. Sai Krishna, G. & Moger, Tukaram, 2019. "Improved SuDoKu reconfiguration technique for total-cross-tied PV array to enhance maximum power under partial shading conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 333-348.
    11. Satpathy, Priya Ranjan & Sharma, Renu & Dash, Sambit, 2019. "An efficient SD-PAR technique for maximum power generation from modules of partially shaded PV arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 182-194.
    12. Sai Krishna, G. & Moger, Tukaram, 2021. "A novel adaptive dynamic photovoltaic reconfiguration system to mitigate mismatch effects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    13. Ramírez, F. Javier & Honrubia-Escribano, A. & Gómez-Lázaro, E. & Pham, Duc T., 2017. "Combining feed-in tariffs and net-metering schemes to balance development in adoption of photovoltaic energy: Comparative economic assessment and policy implications for European countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 440-452.
    14. Gad, Ramadan & Mahmoud, Hatem & Hassan, Hamdy, 2023. "Performance evaluation of direct and indirect thermal regulation of low concentrated (via compound parabolic collector) solar panel using phase change material-flat heat pipe cooling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    15. Ko, Suk Whan & Ju, Young Chul & Hwang, Hye Mi & So, Jung Hun & Jung, Young-Seok & Song, Hyung-Jun & Song, Hee-eun & Kim, Soo-Hyun & Kang, Gi Hwan, 2017. "Electric and thermal characteristics of photovoltaic modules under partial shading and with a damaged bypass diode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 232-243.
    16. Zhang, Xiaoshun & Meng, Die & Cai, Jiahui & Zhang, Guiyuan & Yu, Tao & Pan, Feng & Yang, Yuyao, 2023. "A swarm based double Q-learning for optimal PV array reconfiguration with a coordinated control of hydrogen energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    17. Belhaouas, N. & Cheikh, M.-S. Ait & Agathoklis, P. & Oularbi, M.-R. & Amrouche, B. & Sedraoui, K. & Djilali, N., 2017. "PV array power output maximization under partial shading using new shifted PV array arrangements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 326-337.
    18. Manxuan Xiao & Llewellyn Tang & Xingxing Zhang & Isaac Yu Fat Lun & Yanping Yuan, 2018. "A Review on Recent Development of Cooling Technologies for Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-39, December.
    19. Renzi, Massimiliano & Cioccolanti, Luca & Barazza, Giorgio & Egidi, Lorenzo & Comodi, Gabriele, 2017. "Design and experimental test of refractive secondary optics on the electrical performance of a 3-junction cell used in CPV systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 233-243.
    20. Abdullah Alamoudi & Syed Muhammad Saaduddin & Abu Bakar Munir & Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki & Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar & Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin & Ridoan Karim & Nurul Aini Bani & Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud & Jorg, 2019. "Using Static Concentrator Technology to Achieve Global Energy Goal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:215:y:2025:i:c:s1364032125002412. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.