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Enhancing grid stability in PV systems: A novel ramp rate control method utilizing PV cooling technology

Author

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  • Iwabuchi, Koki
  • Watari, Daichi
  • Zhao, Dafang
  • Taniguchi, Ittetsu
  • Catthoor, Francky
  • Onoye, Takao

Abstract

Rapid fluctuations in solar irradiation lead to significant variability in PV power output. Traditional ramp rate control methods use battery energy storage systems to smooth power outputs and provide a more consistent supply to the grid. However, these methods require high initial costs and substantial maintenance. In this study, we propose a novel method for controlling PV power output ramp rates using cooling technology, which is essential to stabilize grid operations and ancillary services. The proposed method adjusts power generation efficiency in real-time by controlling PV panel temperature, leveraging their thermoelectric properties. The effectiveness of our method was validated by simulation based on real-world data, which showed reductions in mean and maximum ramp rates of 43.5% and 76.2%, respectively, compared to traditional battery storage solutions. Notably, these improvements were achieved with a cooling unit having a coefficient of performance of less than 10 and a minimal battery capacity of 20 kWh, highlighting the efficiency of the method and its potential to significantly lower system costs and environmental impacts compared to traditional control strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Iwabuchi, Koki & Watari, Daichi & Zhao, Dafang & Taniguchi, Ittetsu & Catthoor, Francky & Onoye, Takao, 2025. "Enhancing grid stability in PV systems: A novel ramp rate control method utilizing PV cooling technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:378:y:2025:i:pa:s0306261924021202
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124737
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Dawei Wang & Liyong Wang & Baoqun Zhang & Chang Liu & Yongliang Zhao & Shanna Luo & Jun Feng, 2025. "Quantum State Estimation for Real-Time Battery Health Monitoring in Photovoltaic Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-23, May.
    7. Shrivastava, Manish & Singh, Ashok Kumar & Gautam, Desh Deepak, 2025. "Critical observation on partially shaded PV modules and effects on sustainable applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).

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