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Cooling the city, powering the future: A critical assessment of nature-based and technological cooling strategies for urban BIPV systems

Author

Listed:
  • Dimitriou, T.
  • Skandalos, N.
  • Basak, A.
  • Chakraborty, S.
  • D’Agostino, D.
  • Maduta, C.
  • Panchabikesan, K.
  • Parker, D.
  • Karamanis, D.

Abstract

More frequent heat waves and intensified urban heat islands (UHI) significantly impact public health and energy demand. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) systems are increasingly recognized as a clean source for on-site energy generation and meeting energy demands. However, photovoltaic (PV) efficiency declines due to elevated panel temperatures, with more unconverted solar radiation released as heat, contributing further to UHI intensity. Maintaining lower module temperatures is thus essential, as it improves power conversion efficiency and reduces heat release from PV surfaces. This review fills a critical gap in the literature by systematically assessing natural and technological cooling strategies for BIPV across hot climates, warm climates, and heat wave periods, focusing on their impact on PV efficiency, module, and air temperature reduction. The study evaluates rooftop cooling solutions, such as radiative/supercool roofs and green roofs, alongside PV-integrated techniques, including photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems, phase change materials (PCM), and radiative cooling. The assessment indicates that both cool and green roofs can effectively reduce surface temperatures in hot and warm climates, although with a slow response of the latter in extreme heat conditions. PCMs, radiative, and PV/T systems are effective at hot and extreme conditions due to their higher cooling efficiency, thermal regulation, and energy recovery potential. The findings underscore the importance of local climate-specific design, integration of balanced hybrid strategies, and innovation to enhance energy efficiency, mitigate urban heat stress, and support resilient, zero-energy buildings and urban transitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitriou, T. & Skandalos, N. & Basak, A. & Chakraborty, S. & D’Agostino, D. & Maduta, C. & Panchabikesan, K. & Parker, D. & Karamanis, D., 2026. "Cooling the city, powering the future: A critical assessment of nature-based and technological cooling strategies for urban BIPV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:227:y:2026:i:c:s1364032125012468
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116573
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