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Vision 2023: Assessing the feasibility of electricity and biogas production from municipal solid waste in Turkey

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  • Melikoglu, Mehmet

Abstract

Turkey imports most of its energy. However, according to the recently avowed Vision 2023 agenda the country also plans to produce 30% of its electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2023. Meanwhile, each year around 25milliontonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated nationwide. Not only MSW pollutes the environment handling, processing and storage requires precious labour and capital. In that context, a synergistic solution can be created between MSW management and energy supply. In this study, economics and environmental impacts of electricity generation from MSW via (i) direct combustion and (ii) biogas harnessing in 81 cities of Turkey is analysed in detail for a period between 2012 and 2023. Firstly, it is estimated that nationwide 8500GWh of electricity could have been generated by direct combustion of MSW in 2012. This is predicted to rise 9700GWh in 2023. It is calculated that 3100millionm3 of methane would be emitted from the landfills of Turkey in 2012. If no action taken this would rise to 3600millionm3 in 2023. Furthermore, it is estimated that by capturing 25% of this methane via landfill bioreactors 2900GWh or 0.5% of Turkey's annual electricity demand could be supplied in 2023. Simulations also showed that by realizing apposite landfill investments by 2023 annual energy savings worth 200–900 million € could be generated from MSW. Consequently, this could lead to greenhouse gas emission savings up to 11.0milliontonnes of CO2 per annum.

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  • Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2013. "Vision 2023: Assessing the feasibility of electricity and biogas production from municipal solid waste in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 52-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:19:y:2013:i:c:p:52-63
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.017
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    2. Halkos, George E. & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2014. "The effect of electricity consumption from renewable sources on countries׳ economic growth levels: Evidence from advanced, emerging and developing economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 166-173.
    3. Dehkordi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Noorbakhsh & Jahromi, Ahmad Reza Taghipour & Ferdowsi, Ali & Shumal, Mohammad & Dehnavi, Ali, 2020. "Investigation of biogas production potential from mechanical separated municipal solid waste as an approach for developing countries (case study: Isfahan-Iran)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    4. Ozan Akdağ & Celaleddin Yeroglu, 2020. "An evaluation of an offshore energy installation for the Black Sea region of Turkey and the effects on a regional decrease in greenhouse gas emissions," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(3), pages 531-544, June.
    5. Roy, S. & Lam, Y.F. & Hossain, M.U. & Chan, J.C.L., 2022. "Comprehensive evaluation of electricity generation and emission reduction potential in the power sector using renewable alternatives in Vietnam," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    6. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2013. "Hydropower in Turkey: Analysis in the view of Vision 2023," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 503-510.
    7. Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Ghanavati, Hossein & Dashti, Behrouz B. & Heijungs, Reinout & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Tabatabaei, Meisam, 2017. "Electricity generation and GHG emission reduction potentials through different municipal solid waste management technologies: A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 414-439.
    8. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2016. "The role of renewables and nuclear energy in Turkey׳s Vision 2023 energy targets: Economic and technical scrutiny," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1-12.
    9. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2013. "Vision 2023: Forecasting Turkey's natural gas demand between 2013 and 2030," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 393-400.
    10. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2017. "Pumped hydroelectric energy storage: Analysing global development and assessing potential applications in Turkey based on Vision 2023 hydroelectricity wind and solar energy targets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 146-153.
    11. Esfilar, Reza & Bagheri, Mehdi & Golestani, Behrooz, 2021. "Technoeconomic feasibility review of hybrid waste to energy system in the campus: A case study for the University of Victoria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    12. Aguilar-Virgen, Quetzalli & Taboada-González, Paul & Ojeda-Benítez, Sara & Cruz-Sotelo, Samantha, 2014. "Power generation with biogas from municipal solid waste: Prediction of gas generation with in situ parameters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 412-419.
    13. Marius PETRESCU & Ionica ONCIOIU & Anca-Gabriela PETRESCU & Florentina-Raluca BÎLCAN & Mihai PETRESCU & Dumitru-Alexandru STOICA, 2021. "Estimating the Dynamics of Household Waste Management in Turkey," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 129-143, June.
    14. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2017. "Vision 2023: Status quo and future of biomass and coal for sustainable energy generation in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 800-808.
    15. Robert Sidełko, 2021. "Application of Technological Processes to Create a Unitary Model for Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, May.

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