IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/quaeco/v91y2023icp40-55.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The volatility index and volatility risk premium in China

Author

Listed:
  • Yue, Tian
  • Ruan, Xinfeng
  • Gehricke, Sebastian
  • Zhang, Jin E.

Abstract

We introduce the China Volatility Index (CNVIX), a model-free volatility index for the Chinese equity market based on ETF options. To construct the CNVIX, we extend the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) methodology in the emerging Chinese options market. We examine the leverage effect and volatility feedback effect between the CNVIX and the underlying asset, as well as the CNVIX’s return forecastability. Our findings indicate a significant negative asymmetric leverage effect, insignificant volatility feedback effect in the CNVIX, and a positive mean volatility risk premium (VRP), which can forecast the underlying asset’s returns over various horizons.

Suggested Citation

  • Yue, Tian & Ruan, Xinfeng & Gehricke, Sebastian & Zhang, Jin E., 2023. "The volatility index and volatility risk premium in China," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 40-55.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:91:y:2023:i:c:p:40-55
    DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2023.07.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976923000789
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.qref.2023.07.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark Britten‐Jones & Anthony Neuberger, 2000. "Option Prices, Implied Price Processes, and Stochastic Volatility," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(2), pages 839-866, April.
    2. Jeff Fleming & Barbara Ostdiek & Robert E. Whaley, 1995. "Predicting stock market volatility: A new measure," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(3), pages 265-302, May.
    3. Campbell, John Y. & Hentschel, Ludger, 1992. "No news is good news *1: An asymmetric model of changing volatility in stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 281-318, June.
    4. Tim Bollerslev & George Tauchen & Hao Zhou, 2009. "Expected Stock Returns and Variance Risk Premia," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(11), pages 4463-4492, November.
    5. Bollerslev, Tim & Gibson, Michael & Zhou, Hao, 2011. "Dynamic estimation of volatility risk premia and investor risk aversion from option-implied and realized volatilities," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 160(1), pages 235-245, January.
    6. Bollerslev, Tim & Marrone, James & Xu, Lai & Zhou, Hao, 2014. "Stock Return Predictability and Variance Risk Premia: Statistical Inference and International Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(3), pages 633-661, June.
    7. Newey, Whitney K & West, Kenneth D, 1987. "Hypothesis Testing with Efficient Method of Moments Estimation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 28(3), pages 777-787, October.
    8. Turan G. Bali & Armen Hovakimian, 2009. "Volatility Spreads and Expected Stock Returns," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(11), pages 1797-1812, November.
    9. Della Corte, Pasquale & Ramadorai, Tarun & Sarno, Lucio, 2016. "Volatility risk premia and exchange rate predictability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(1), pages 21-40.
    10. Gurdip Bakshi & Nikunj Kapadia, 2003. "Delta-Hedged Gains and the Negative Market Volatility Risk Premium," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(2), pages 527-566.
    11. Robert C. Merton, 2005. "Theory of rational option pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 8, pages 229-288, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    12. Schwert, G William, 2002. "Tests for Unit Roots: A Monte Carlo Investigation," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 5-17, January.
    13. Bekaert, Geert & Hoerova, Marie, 2014. "The VIX, the variance premium and stock market volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 183(2), pages 181-192.
    14. Bugge, Sebastian A. & Guttormsen, Haakon J. & Molnár, Peter & Ringdal, Martin, 2016. "Implied volatility index for the Norwegian equity market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 133-141.
    15. Jupeng Li & Xiaoli Yu & Xingguo Luo, 2019. "Volatility index and the return–volatility relation: Intraday evidence from Chinese options market," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(11), pages 1348-1359, November.
    16. Chang, Bo Young & Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris, 2013. "Market skewness risk and the cross section of stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(1), pages 46-68.
    17. Londono, Juan M. & Zhou, Hao, 2017. "Variance risk premiums and the forward premium puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(2), pages 415-440.
    18. Ding, Rong & Hou, Wenxuan & Liu, Yue (Lucy) & Zhang, John Ziyang, 2018. "Media censorship and stock price: Evidence from the foreign share discount in China," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 112-133.
    19. Hodrick, Robert J, 1992. "Dividend Yields and Expected Stock Returns: Alternative Procedures for Inference and Measurement," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(3), pages 357-386.
    20. Breeden, Douglas T & Litzenberger, Robert H, 1978. "Prices of State-contingent Claims Implicit in Option Prices," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(4), pages 621-651, October.
    21. Chakravarty, Sugato & Sarkar, Asani & Wu, Lifan, 1998. "Information asymmetry, market segmentation and the pricing of cross-listed shares: theory and evidence from Chinese A and B shares," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 8(3-4), pages 325-356, December.
    22. Youngsoo Choi & Steven J. Jordan & Soonchan Ok, 2012. "Dividend‐Rollover Effect and the Ad Hoc Black‐Scholes Model," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(8), pages 742-772, August.
    23. Baur, Dirk G., 2013. "The structure and degree of dependence: A quantile regression approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 786-798.
    24. Bjørn Eraker, 2004. "Do Stock Prices and Volatility Jump? Reconciling Evidence from Spot and Option Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 59(3), pages 1367-1404, June.
    25. Bartram, Söhnke M. & Brown, Gregory W. & Waller, William, 2015. "How Important Is Financial Risk?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 50(4), pages 801-824, August.
    26. Junye Li & Gabriele Zinna, 2018. "The Variance Risk Premium: Components, Term Structures, and Stock Return Predictability," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 411-425, July.
    27. Hoyong Choi & Philippe Mueller & Andrea Vedolin, 2017. "Bond Variance Risk Premiums," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(3), pages 987-1022.
    28. Poterba, James M & Summers, Lawrence H, 1986. "The Persistence of Volatility and Stock Market Fluctuations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(5), pages 1142-1151, December.
    29. Doojin Ryu, 2012. "Implied Volatility Index of KOSPI200: Information Contents and Properties," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(0), pages 24-39, July.
    30. Yue, Tian & Zhang, Jin E. & Tan, Eric K.M., 2020. "The Chinese equity index options market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    31. Wu, Guojun, 2001. "The Determinants of Asymmetric Volatility," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(3), pages 837-859.
    32. Pati, Pratap Chandra & Rajib, Prabina & Barai, Parama, 2019. "The role of the volatility index in asset pricing: The case of the Indian stock market," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 336-346.
    33. Fassas, Athanasios P. & Siriopoulos, Costas, 2021. "Implied volatility indices – A review," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 303-329.
    34. Siriopoulos, Costas & Fassas, Athanasios, 2012. "An investor sentiment barometer — Greek Implied Volatility Index (GRIV)," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 77-93.
    35. DeMiguel, Victor & Plyakha, Yuliya & Uppal, Raman & Vilkov, Grigory, 2013. "Improving Portfolio Selection Using Option-Implied Volatility and Skewness," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(6), pages 1813-1845, December.
    36. Gurdip Bakshi & Dilip Madan, 2006. "A Theory of Volatility Spreads," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(12), pages 1945-1956, December.
    37. Hibbert, Ann Marie & Daigler, Robert T. & Dupoyet, Brice, 2008. "A behavioral explanation for the negative asymmetric return-volatility relation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 2254-2266, October.
    38. Cheekiat Low, 2004. "The Fear and Exuberance from Implied Volatility of S&P 100 Index Options," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 77(3), pages 527-546, July.
    39. French, Kenneth R. & Schwert, G. William & Stambaugh, Robert F., 1987. "Expected stock returns and volatility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 3-29, September.
    40. Bekaert, Geert & Wu, Guojun, 2000. "Asymmetric Volatility and Risk in Equity Markets," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(1), pages 1-42.
    41. Xing, Yuhang & Zhang, Xiaoyan & Zhao, Rui, 2010. "What Does the Individual Option Volatility Smirk Tell Us About Future Equity Returns?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(3), pages 641-662, June.
    42. Kita, Arben & Tortorice, Daniel L., 2021. "Same firm, two volatilities: How variance risk is priced in credit and equity markets," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    43. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    44. Sensoy, Ahmet & Omole, John, 2018. "Implied volatility indices: A review and extension in the Turkish case," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 151-161.
    45. Christie, Andrew A., 1982. "The stochastic behavior of common stock variances : Value, leverage and interest rate effects," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 407-432, December.
    46. Jin Zhang & Yi Xiang, 2008. "The implied volatility smirk," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 263-284.
    47. Ihsan Ullah Badshah, 2013. "Quantile Regression Analysis of the Asymmetric Return‐Volatility Relation," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 235-265, March.
    48. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    49. Yue, Tian & Gehricke, Sebastian A. & Zhang, Jin E. & Pan, Zheyao, 2021. "The implied volatility smirk in the Chinese equity options market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    50. Long, Wen & Zhao, Manyi & Tang, Yeran, 2021. "Can the Chinese volatility index reflect investor sentiment?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    51. Itamar Drechsler, 2013. "Uncertainty, Time-Varying Fear, and Asset Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(5), pages 1843-1889, October.
    52. Di Yuan & Xiafei Zhou & Shan Li, 2018. "The Dynamics of Financial Market Integration Between Chinese A- and H-Shares," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(13), pages 2909-2924, October.
    53. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    54. Bates, David S., 2000. "Post-'87 crash fears in the S&P 500 futures option market," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1-2), pages 181-238.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Prasenjit Chakrabarti & K. Kiran Kumar, 2017. "Does behavioural theory explain return-implied volatility relationship? Evidence from India," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1355521-135, January.
    2. Fassas, Athanasios P. & Siriopoulos, Costas, 2021. "Implied volatility indices – A review," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 303-329.
    3. Chaiyuth Padungsaksawasdi & Robert T. Daigler, 2014. "The Return‐Implied Volatility Relation for Commodity ETFs," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 261-281, March.
    4. Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris & Chang, Bo Young, 2013. "Forecasting with Option-Implied Information," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 581-656, Elsevier.
    5. Yabei Zhu & Xingguo Luo & Qi Xu, 2023. "Industry variance risk premium, cross‐industry correlation, and expected returns," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 3-32, January.
    6. Badshah, Ihsan & Frijns, Bart & Knif, Johan & Tourani-Rad, Alireza, 2016. "Asymmetries of the intraday return-volatility relation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 182-192.
    7. Zhang, Xinxin & Bouri, Elie & Xu, Yahua & Zhang, Gongqiu, 2022. "The asymmetric relationship between returns and implied higher moments: Evidence from the crude oil market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    8. Giovanni Campisi & Silvia Muzzioli, 2021. "Designing volatility indices for Austria, Finland and Spain," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 35(3), pages 369-455, September.
    9. Agbeyegbe, Terence D., 2015. "An inverted U-shaped crude oil price return-implied volatility relationship," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 28-45.
    10. Robert T. Daigler & Ann Marie Hibbert & Ivelina Pavlova, 2014. "Examining the Return–Volatility Relation for Foreign Exchange: Evidence from the Euro VIX," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(1), pages 74-92, January.
    11. Erik Vogt, 2014. "Option-implied term structures," Staff Reports 706, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    12. Karim, Muhammad Mahmudul & Kawsar, Najmul Haque & Ariff, Mohamed & Masih, Mansur, 2022. "Does implied volatility (or fear index) affect Islamic stock returns and conventional stock returns differently? Wavelet-based granger-causality, asymmetric quantile regression and NARDL approaches," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    13. David E Allen & Abhay K Singh & Robert J Powell & Michael McAleer & James Taylor & Lyn Thomas, 2012. "The Volatility-Return Relationship:Insights from Linear and Non-Linear Quantile Regressions," KIER Working Papers 831, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
    14. Konstantinidi, Eirini & Skiadopoulos, George, 2016. "How does the market variance risk premium vary over time? Evidence from S&P 500 variance swap investment returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 62-75.
    15. Emmanuel Anoruo & Vasudeva N. R. Murthy, 2017. "An examination of the REIT return–implied volatility relation: a frequency domain approach," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 41(3), pages 581-594, July.
    16. Pyun, Sungjune, 2019. "Variance risk in aggregate stock returns and time-varying return predictability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(1), pages 150-174.
    17. David E. Allen & Abhay K. Singh & Robert J. Powell & Michael McAleer & James Taylor & Lyn Thomas, 2013. "Return-Volatility Relationship: Insights from Linear and Non-Linear Quantile Regression," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-020/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    18. Jin, Xiaoye, 2017. "Time-varying return-volatility relation in international stock markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 157-173.
    19. Bekiros, Stelios & Jlassi, Mouna & Naoui, Kamel & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2017. "The asymmetric relationship between returns and implied volatility: Evidence from global stock markets," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 156-174.
    20. Yiguo Sun & Ximing Wu, 2018. "Leverage and Volatility Feedback Effects and Conditional Dependence Index: A Nonparametric Study," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Model-free Volatility Index; ETF Options; Volatility Risk Premium; Emerging option market; China;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:91:y:2023:i:c:p:40-55. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620167 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.