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Large-change forecast accuracy: Reanalysis of M3-Competition data using receiver operating characteristic analysis

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  • Gorr, Wilpen L.
  • Schneider, Matthew J.

Abstract

This paper applies receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to micro-level, monthly time series from the M3-Competition. Forecasts from competing methods were used in binary decision rules to forecast exceptionally large declines in demand. Using the partial area under the ROC curve (PAUC) criterion as a forecast accuracy measure and paired-comparison testing via bootstrapping, we find that complex univariate methods (including Flores-Pearce 2, ForecastPRO, Automat ANN, Theta, and SmartFCS) perform best for this purpose. The Kendall tau test of dependency for PAUC and a judgmental index of forecast method complexity provide further confirming evidence. We also found that decision-rule combination forecasts using three top methods generally perform better than the component methods, although not statistically so. The top methods for forecasting large declines match the top methods for conventional forecast accuracy in the M3-Competition’s micro monthly time series, and therefore, evidence from the M3-Competition suggests that practitioners should use complex univariate forecast methods for operations-level forecasting, for both ordinary and large-change forecasts.

Suggested Citation

  • Gorr, Wilpen L. & Schneider, Matthew J., 2013. "Large-change forecast accuracy: Reanalysis of M3-Competition data using receiver operating characteristic analysis," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 274-281.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfor:v:29:y:2013:i:2:p:274-281
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2012.12.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ralph D. Snyder & Anne B. Koehler, 2008. "A View of Damped Trend as Incorporating a Tracking Signal into a State Space Model," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 7/08, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    2. Makridakis, Spyros & Hibon, Michele, 2000. "The M3-Competition: results, conclusions and implications," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 451-476.
    3. Cohen, Jacqueline & Garman, Samuel & Gorr, Wilpen, 2009. "Empirical calibration of time series monitoring methods using receiver operating characteristic curves," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 484-497, July.
    4. Clemen, Robert T., 1989. "Combining forecasts: A review and annotated bibliography," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 559-583.
    5. Gorr, Wilpen L., 2009. "Forecast accuracy measures for exception reporting using receiver operating characteristic curves," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 48-61.
    6. Koning, Alex J. & Franses, Philip Hans & Hibon, Michele & Stekler, H.O., 2005. "The M3 competition: Statistical tests of the results," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 397-409.
    7. Snyder, Ralph D. & Koehler, Anne B., 2009. "Incorporating a tracking signal into a state space model," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 526-530, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bespalova, Olga, 2018. "Forecast Evaluation in Macroeconomics and International Finance. Ph.D. thesis, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA," MPRA Paper 117706, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Kajal Lahiri & Liu Yang, 2018. "Confidence Bands for ROC Curves With Serially Dependent Data," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(1), pages 115-130, January.
    3. Ferbar Tratar, Liljana & Mojškerc, Blaž & Toman, Aleš, 2016. "Demand forecasting with four-parameter exponential smoothing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(PA), pages 162-173.
    4. Máximo Camacho & Gonzalo Palmieri, 2021. "Evaluating the OECD’s main economic indicators at anticipating recessions," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(1), pages 80-93, January.
    5. Schneider, Matthew J. & Gorr, Wilpen L., 2015. "ROC-based model estimation for forecasting large changes in demand," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 253-262.
    6. Chelsey Hill & James Li & Matthew J. Schneider & Martin T. Wells, 2021. "The tensor auto‐regressive model," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(4), pages 636-652, July.

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