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Evaluation of hydrogen premixing impact on 5E concept of CI engine powered by linseed oil and linseed – lemongrass oil blend using RSM-TOPSIS approach

Author

Listed:
  • Manickam, Sivashankar
  • Kasinathan, Sureshkumar
  • Subramaniyan, Malarmannan
  • Gurusamy, Manikandaraja
  • Arulraj, Vinoth

Abstract

This article aims to study the impact of adding hydrogen to linseed oil and a linseed–lemongrass oil blend on the characteristics of a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, computerized compression ignition (CI) engine. The fuel test matrix was developed using the central composite method, with the loading percentage ranging from 50 % to 100 %. The hydrogen induction level varied from 0 to 10 LPM, and the engine operated on either linseed oil (L100) or a blend of linseed and lemongrass oil (LL50). A response surface model was created and evaluated using ANOVA. The obtained model was deemed satisfactory as both a quadratic and linear model at a 95 % confidence level. Under rated operating conditions, adding hydrogen to LL50 increased its thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, sustainability index, cooling water exergy, engine exhaust exergy, and BSNO emissions compared to diesel fuel. It also reduced its ExEL, EnEL, TEL, EG, destructed exergy, BSCO, BSCO2, BSHC, and smoke opacity. TOPSIS was employed to rank the relationship between input variables and output responses. The optimal operating conditions, achieving a rank of 1, were identified as 75 % loading with 10 LPM hydrogen induction for LL50 fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Manickam, Sivashankar & Kasinathan, Sureshkumar & Subramaniyan, Malarmannan & Gurusamy, Manikandaraja & Arulraj, Vinoth, 2025. "Evaluation of hydrogen premixing impact on 5E concept of CI engine powered by linseed oil and linseed – lemongrass oil blend using RSM-TOPSIS approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:326:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225018663
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136224
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