IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecosys/v48y2024i4s0939362524000736.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Green central banking and game theory: The Chicken Game-approach

Author

Listed:
  • Alex, Fabian

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of the probability that a central bank chooses to make its financial sector green. We derive a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium from a strategic setting of two monetary authorities choosing simultaneously between the alternatives of greening and conducting business as usual. Using a very general setup, we obtain a model that nests most of the usual 2 × 2-situations in game theory. “Green” avoids a country’s contribution to an externality experienced by both, but also encompasses a sacrifice of slowing down economic performance. The probability of greening is found to decrease whenever “greening” means a larger sacrifice for the other country, while it increases with the size of both countries, the rate of internalization applied to the externality as well as the severity of this externality. Unlike the typical (pure) free-riding approach to international coordination on environmental issues, we find some willingness of countries to sacrifice wealth for the sake of avoiding a worst case. In a repeated setting, cooperative solutions can be established. The influence of discounting on the stability of these solutions is ambiguous.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex, Fabian, 2024. "Green central banking and game theory: The Chicken Game-approach," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(4).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecosys:v:48:y:2024:i:4:s0939362524000736
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2024.101251
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939362524000736
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ecosys.2024.101251?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 2007. "Disagreement, tastes, and asset prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(3), pages 667-689, March.
    2. Francesco Giovanardi & Matthias Kaldorf & Lucas Radke & Florian Wicknig, 2023. "The Preferential Treatment of Green Bonds," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 657-676, December.
    3. DeCanio, Stephen J. & Fremstad, Anders, 2013. "Game theory and climate diplomacy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 177-187.
    4. Obstfeld, Maurice, 1996. "Models of currency crises with self-fulfilling features," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(3-5), pages 1037-1047, April.
    5. Fatica, Serena & Panzica, Roberto & Rancan, Michela, 2021. "The pricing of green bonds: Are financial institutions special?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    6. Francesco Giovanardi & Matthias Kaldorf & Lucas Radke & Florian Wicknig, 2023. "The Preferential Treatment of Green Bonds," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 657-676, December.
    7. Heinkel, Robert & Kraus, Alan & Zechner, Josef, 2001. "The Effect of Green Investment on Corporate Behavior," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 36(4), pages 431-449, December.
    8. Pittel, Karen & Rübbelke, Dirk T.G., 2008. "Climate policy and ancillary benefits: A survey and integration into the modelling of international negotiations on climate change," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1-2), pages 210-220, December.
    9. Josué Banga, 2019. "The green bond market: a potential source of climate finance for developing countries," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 17-32, January.
    10. Radu Șimandan & Cristian Păun, 2021. "The Costs and Trade-Offs of Green Central Banking: A Framework for Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-25, August.
    11. Forgo, Ferenc & Fulop, Janos & Prill, Maria, 2005. "Game theoretic models for climate change negotiations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(1), pages 252-267, January.
    12. Mailath, George J. & Samuelson, Larry, 2006. "Repeated Games and Reputations: Long-Run Relationships," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195300796, Decembrie.
    13. Josué Banga, 2019. "The green bond market : a potential source of climate finance for developing countries," Post-Print halshs-01841868, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alessandro Ferrari & Valerio Nispi Landi, 2023. "Toward a Green Economy: The Role of the Central Bank’s Asset Purchases," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(5), pages 287-340, December.
    2. Döttling, Robin & Lam, Adrian, 2023. "Does Monetary Policy Shape the Path to Carbon Neutrality?," OSF Preprints kqdar, Center for Open Science.
    3. Pauline Deschryver & Frederic de Mariz, 2020. "What Future for the Green Bond Market? How Can Policymakers, Companies, and Investors Unlock the Potential of the Green Bond Market?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-26, March.
    4. Muñiz, José Antonio & Larkin, Charles & Corbet, Shaen, 2025. "Understanding the use of unconventional monetary policy for portfolio decarbonisation in Europe," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    5. Karel Janda & Binyi Zhang, 2021. "Attractiveness of Chinese Bonds Financing Climate and Environmental Projects," FFA Working Papers 4.007, Prague University of Economics and Business, revised 26 Apr 2022.
    6. Samuel Mutarindwa & Dorothea Schäfer & Andreas Stephan, 2024. "Certification against greenwashing in nascent bond markets: lessons from African ESG bonds," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 14(1), pages 149-173, March.
    7. Christnacht, Lukas & Mertzanis, Charilaos, 2025. "Foreign direct investment, technology transfer and the global issuance of green bonds," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Liu, Min, 2022. "The driving forces of green bond market volatility and the response of the market to the COVID-19 pandemic," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 288-309.
    9. Koziol, Christian & Proelss, Juliane & Roßmann, Philipp & Schweizer, Denis, 2022. "The price of being green," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. repec:osf:osfxxx:kqdar_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Miklesh Yadav & Nandita Mishra & Shruti Ashok, 2023. "Dynamic connectedness of green bond with financial markets of European countries under OECD economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 609-631, February.
    12. Diana Pop & Caroline Marie-Jeanne & Régis Dumoulin, 2023. "Socialium or the Financial Price of Social Responsibility [« Socialium » ou le prix financier de la responsabilité sociale]," Post-Print hal-04120305, HAL.
    13. Ciciretti, Rocco & Dalò, Ambrogio & Dam, Lammertjan, 2023. "The contributions of betas versus characteristics to the ESG premium," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 104-124.
    14. Patrick Gruning, 2022. "Fiscal, Environmental, and Bank Regulation Policies in a Small Open Economy for the Green Transition," Working Papers 2022/06, Latvijas Banka.
    15. Ballester, Laura & González-Urteaga, Ana & Shen, Long, 2024. "Green bond issuance and credit risk: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    16. Draganac, Dragana & Lu, Kelin, 2025. "Pricing asset beyond financial fundamentals: The impact of prosocial preference and image concerns," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    17. Husain, Shaiara & Sohag, Kazi & Wu, Yanrui, 2022. "The response of green energy and technology investment to climate policy uncertainty: An application of twin transitions strategy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    18. Patrick Gruning & Zeynep Kantur, 2024. "Financial Intermediation and Climate Change in a Production and Investment Network Model for the Euro Area," Working Papers 2024/06, Latvijas Banka.
    19. Larcker, David F. & Watts, Edward M., 2020. "Where's the greenium?," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(2).
    20. Abiry, Raphael & Ferdinandusse, Marien & Ludwig, Alexander & Nerlich, Carolin, 2022. "Climate change mitigation: How effective is green quantitative easing?," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-027, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    21. Bauckloh, Michael Tobias & Beyer, Victor & Klein, Christian, 2022. "Does it pay to invest in dirty industries? New insights on the shunned-stock hypothesis," CFR Working Papers 22-07, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Environment; Environmental economics; Green economics; Game theoretic; Game theory; Games; Mixed strategy; Two player; Public goods game; Strategic game;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecosys:v:48:y:2024:i:4:s0939362524000736. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/osteide.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.