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Childcare effects on maternal employment: Evidence from Chile

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  • Martínez A., Claudia
  • Perticará, Marcela

Abstract

Using a randomized experiment, this study examines whether offering afterschool care for children aged between 6 and 13 has an impact on labor market outcomes for women in Chile. The results show that program participation increases employment by 5% and labor force participation by 7%, while the intervention also generates substantial childcare substitution. The results also suggest that the provision of afterschool care for older children triggers the use of free daycare for young (ineligible) children.

Suggested Citation

  • Martínez A., Claudia & Perticará, Marcela, 2017. "Childcare effects on maternal employment: Evidence from Chile," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 127-137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:deveco:v:126:y:2017:i:c:p:127-137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.01.001
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    Cited by:

    1. Gonzalez, Felipe & Prem, Mounu & von Dessauer, Cristine, 2023. "Empowerment or Indoctrination? Women Centers Under Dictatorship," SocArXiv 64mf9, Center for Open Science.
    2. Angelo Leogrande & Alberto Costantiello, 2023. "The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of ESG Models at World Level," Working Papers hal-04114330, HAL.
    3. Bustelo, Monserrat & Flabbi, Luca & Piras, Claudia & Tejada, Mauricio, 2019. "Female Labor Force Participation, Labor Market Dynamic and Growth in LAC," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 9420, Inter-American Development Bank.
    4. Macon, Luke & McLellan, Benjamin & Kanamura, Takashi, 2019. "Climate Policies and the Tax-Interaction Effect, in Context," MPRA Paper 97053, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Matias Berthelon & Diana Kruger & Melanie Oyarzún, 2023. "School schedules and mothers’ employment: evidence from an education reform," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 131-171, March.
    6. Federica Alfani & Fabio Clementi & Michele Fabiani & Vasco Molini & Enzo Valentini, 2024. "Does gender equality in labor participation bring equality? Evidence from developing and developed countries," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(1), pages 289-311, July.
    7. Martina Querejeta Rabosto & Estefanía Galván & Cecilia Parada & Soledad Salvador, 2021. "Gender Gaps and Family Policies in Latin America," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4509, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    8. Ailin He & Laetitia Renee & Nagham Sayour, 2024. "The Impact of After-School Care on Maternal Income: Evidence from Canadian Administrative Data," Working Papers 24-04, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
    9. Seema Jayachandran, 2021. "Social Norms as a Barrier to Women’s Employment in Developing Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 69(3), pages 576-595, September.
    10. Halim,Daniel Zefanya & Perova,Elizaveta & Reynolds,Sarah, 2021. "Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9828, The World Bank.
    11. Stefano Caria & Bruno Crepon & Hala ElBehairy & Noha Fadlalmawla & Caroline Krafft & Abdelrahman Nagy & Lili Mottaghi & Nahla Zeitoun & Souraya El Assiouty, 2022. "Child Care Subsidies, Employment Services and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 37825, The World Bank Group.
    12. repec:osf:socarx:ra5ux_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. González, Felipe & Prem, Mounu & von Dessauer, Cristine, 2024. "Empowerment or Indoctrination? Female Training Programs under Dictatorship," IZA Discussion Papers 17163, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Cao, Huoqing & Chen, Chaoran & Xi, Xican, 2024. "Home Production and Gender Gap in Structural Change," MPRA Paper 122334, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Ernst, Ekkehard & Merola, Rossana & Reljic, Jelena, 2024. "Fiscal policy instruments for inclusive labour markets: A review," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1406, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    16. Svetlana Pimkina & Luciana de La Flor, 2020. "Promoting Female Labor Force Participation," World Bank Publications - Reports 34953, The World Bank Group.
    17. Caroline Krafft & Moundir Lassassi, 2024. "Public Pre-Primary and Maternal Employment in Algeria: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 38(1), pages 74-94.
    18. Clemente Pignatti & Alessandro Tondini, 2025. "Children’s Educational Enrollment and Maternal Labor," FBK-IRVAPP Working Papers 2025-01, Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies (IRVAPP), Bruno Kessler Foundation.
    19. Ajayi, Kehinde F. & Dao,Aziz & Koussoube,Mousson Estelle Jamel, 2022. "The Effects of Childcare on Women and Children : Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation inBurkina Faso," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10239, The World Bank.
    20. Daniel Halim & Hillary C. Johnson & Elizaveta Perova, 2022. "Preschool Availability and Women’s Employment: Evidence from Indonesia," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 71(1), pages 39-61.
    21. Kairon Shayne D. Garcia & Benjamin W. Cowan, 2024. "Childcare Responsibilities and Parental Labor Market Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 153-200, June.
    22. Inés Berniell & Raquel Fernández & Sonya Krutikova, 2024. "Gender Inequality in Latin America," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0338, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    23. World Bank, 2023. "Women's Empowerment in Practice: Lessons from the Ghana Productive Safety Net," World Bank Publications - Reports 39765, The World Bank Group.
    24. Daniel Halim & Michael B. O’Sullivan & Abhilasha Sahay, 2023. "Increasing Female Labor Force Participation," World Bank Publications - Reports 39435, The World Bank Group.
    25. repec:osf:socarx:64mf9_v1 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    J13; J21; Female labor supply; Childcare; Randomized control trial; Afterschool programs;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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