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Aktive Wettbewerbspolitik für effiziente Elektrizitätserzeugungsmärkte: Instrumente, internationale Erfahrungen und wirtschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen

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  • Christian von Hirschhausen
  • Hannes Weigt

Abstract

The liberalization of European wholesale electricity markets has made some progress, but much is left to be desired. Wholesale prices are still relatively high, when compared with the competitive benchmark. In this paper, we argue that an active competition policy is required to establish competitive wholesale markets and to achieve lower prices. The instruments of an active competition policy are: horizontal divestiture of generation capacities; the auctioning of virtual power generation capacities; the release of long-term contracts of the incumbents; extending the capacities on crossborder electricity lines; vertical unbundling; and an active support of market entry. International experience suggests the important role of active competition policy in electricity markets: prominent examples come from England and the United States. Continental Europe has also started to experiment with the different instruments to strengthen competition. The paper draws conclusions for energy and competition policy. Trotz schrittweiser Erfolge bei der Liberalisierung der europäischen Elektrizitätsmärkte lässt die Wettbewerbsintensität auf den Großhandelsmärkten in vielen Ländern noch zu wünschen übrig. Dementsprechend sind die Preise im Verhältnis zum wettbewerblichen Referenzmaßstab zu hoch. Eine aktive Wettbewerbspolitik sollte integraler Bestandteil einer odnungspolitisch ausgerichteten Wirtschafts- und Energiepolitik sein - mit dem Ziel, wettbewerbliche Elektrizitätsmärkte und geringere Preise zu erreichen. Instrumente einer aktiven Wettbewerbspolitik im engeren Sinne sind u.a. die Abspaltung bestehender Kraftwerkskapazitäten von marktbeherrschenden Unternehmen (Divestiture), der Verkauf von virtuellen Kraftwerkskapazitäten, die Öffnung von Langfristverträgen alteingesessener Unternehmen (Release), die Steigerung der nutzbaren Kuppelkapazitäten, u.U. auch die vertikale Entflechtung sowie die aktive Förderung von Markeintritt. Internationale Erfahrungen belegen, dass aktive Wettbewerbspolitik eine wichtige Rolle bei der Schaffung wettbewerblicher Elektrizitätsmärkte spielt. Dies ist insbesondere in England und den USA beobachtbar, jedoch sind in jüngerer Zeit auch in Kontinentaleuropa Ansätze aktiver Wettbewerbspolitik zu beobachten. Der Aufsatz schließt mit energie- und wettbewerbspolitischen Empfehlungen.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian von Hirschhausen & Hannes Weigt, 2007. "Aktive Wettbewerbspolitik für effiziente Elektrizitätserzeugungsmärkte: Instrumente, internationale Erfahrungen und wirtschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 76(1), pages 65-86.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:76-1-6
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.76.1.65
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electricity markets; Europe; competition policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection

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