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Erbschaften und ihr Einfluss auf die Vermögensverteilung

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  • Martin Kohli
  • Harald Künemund
  • Andrea Schäfer
  • Jürgen Schupp
  • Claudia Vogel

Abstract

In this paper, we present an analysis of the influence of inheritances on the distribution of wealth alongside selected recent findings on current trends in inheritances and gifts. The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is used from a longitudinal perspective to study the extent to which the wealth transferred through inheritances accrues to households that already had some capital stock, and whether this wealth creates the starting point for households without any previous assets to begin building up their capital assets. The paper shows, based on the usual method of relative inequality measures used in the research on poverty and wealth, that inheritances do not increase inequalities in the distribution of wealth. Rather, they enable households that would otherwise possess no capital stock to begin accumulating (even modest amounts of) assets. The increase in wealth through inheritances among the group of households that had previously possessed capital assets is relatively less important by contrast, and thus does not lead to greater inequality in the overall distribution of wealth. Der Beitrag stellt ausgewählte aktuelle Befunde zum Erbschafts- und Schenkungsgeschehen dar und analysiert den Einfluss von Erbschaften auf das Vermögen. Aus der Längsschnittperspektive auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) wird geklärt, wie weit die Vermögensübertragungen durch Erbschaften in Haushalten anfallen, die schon vorher ein beträchtliches Vermögen aufgebaut haben, und wie weit diese Erbschaften den Ausgangspunkt für die Vermögensbildung darstellen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass eine Zunahme der Ungleichheit der Vermögensverteilung aufgrund des Erbschaftsgeschehens mit der in der Armuts- und Reichtumsforschung üblichen Methode relativer Ungleichheitsmaße nicht nachgewiesen werden kann. Die Ergebnisse weisen stattdessen darauf hin, dass Erbschaften auf die bestehende Vermögensverteilung tendenziell nivellierend wirken, weil Haushalte, die ohne Erbschaften über keinerlei Vermögen verfügen würden, erst dadurch überhaupt in die Lage versetzt werden, ein (wenn auch vielleicht geringes) Vermögen aufzubauen. Der Vermögenszuwachs durch Erbschaften bei der Gruppe der ohnehin bereits vermögenden Haushalte ist hingegen von relativ geringem Gewicht und führt daher auch nicht zu einer höheren Konzentration des Gesamtvermögens.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Kohli & Harald Künemund & Andrea Schäfer & Jürgen Schupp & Claudia Vogel, 2006. "Erbschaften und ihr Einfluss auf die Vermögensverteilung," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 75(1), pages 58-76.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:75-1-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.75.1.58
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jürgen Schupp & Gert G. Wagner, 2002. "Maintenance of and Innovation in Long-Term Panel Studies: The Case of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP)," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 276, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
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    1. Thomas Leopold & Thorsten Schneider, 2009. "Schenkungen und Erbschaften im Lebenslauf: vergleichende Längsschnittanalysen zu intergenerationalen Transfers," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 234, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    2. Corneo, Giacomo G. & Bönke, Timm & Westermeier, Christian, 2016. "Erbschaft und Eigenleistung im Vermögen der Deutschen: eine Verteilungsanalyse," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 17(1), pages 35-53.
    3. Tobias Vogt & Fanny Annemarie Kluge, 2015. "Income sources and intergenerational transfers in different regimes," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 33(41), pages 1153-1164.
    4. Pasteau, Etienne & Zhu, Junyi, 2018. "Love and money with inheritance: Marital sorting by labor income and inherited wealth in the modern partnership," Discussion Papers 23/2018, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    5. Peters, Heiko & Schwarz, Peter, 2013. "Bequests and labor supply in Germany," TranState Working Papers 173, University of Bremen, Collaborative Research Center 597: Transformations of the State.
    6. von Werder, Marten, 2018. "Intergenerational transfers: How do they shape the German wealth distribution?," Discussion Papers 2018/15, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    7. Johann K. Brunner, 2010. "Die Erbschaftssteuer im Modell der optimalen Besteuerung," Economics working papers 2010-14, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    8. Beckert, Jens, 2007. "Wie viel Erbschaftssteuern?," MPIfG Working Paper 07/4, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    9. Korom, Philipp, 2017. "Ungleiche Mittelschichten: Über Unterschiede im Immobilienvermögen und im Erbe innerhalb der Mitte Deutschlands," MPIfG Discussion Paper 17/14, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    10. Anita Tiefensee & Christian Westermeier, 2016. "Intergenerational Transfers and Wealth in the Euro-Area: The Relevance of Inheritances and Gifts in Absolute and Relative Terms," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1556, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.

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