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Fahrverbote, City-Maut, kostenloser öffentlicher Nahverkehr: Wege aus dem Verkehrskollaps?

Author

Listed:
  • Günter Knieps
  • Thomas Griese
  • André Grüttner
  • Oliver Rottmann
  • Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer
  • Gernot Sieg
  • David Stadelmann
  • Heiner Monheim

Abstract

Zu viele Autos, Staus in den Innenstädten, schlechte Luft, hohe Schadstoffemissionen: In vielen Städten und Kommunen droht ein Verkehrskollaps. Neue Verkehrskonzepte werden dringend benötigt. In einigen Städten werden unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgt, um den privaten Autoverkehr in den Innenstädten zu beschränken. In der Diskussion sind Fahrverbote für Dieselfahrzeuge, die Einführung einer City-Maut oder die Einrichtung eines kostenlosen öffentlichen Nahverkehrssystems. Wie könnte ein Verkehrskonzept der Zukunft gestaltet werden? Günter Knieps, Universität Freiburg, plädiert für einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz, der in der Integration von modernen Informations- und Kommunikationsdiensten (ICT) mit den städtischen Infrastrukturen liegt. Nutze man die Potenziale für ICT-basierte shared Mobilitätsdienstleistungen, könnten Anreize für eine Abkehr von individualisiertem Pkw-Verkehr gesetzt werden. Gleichzeitig gelte es auch, die Möglichkeiten des schienengebundenen hochkapazitätsfähigen Verkehrs für ICT-basierte Mobilitätsdienstleistungen auszuschöpfen. Thomas Griese, Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Ernährung und Forsten Rheinland-Pfalz, sieht in Fahrverboten keine Dauerlösung für saubere Mobilität. Wichtig sei ein neues Verständnis von Individualmobilität. Hierzu gehöre nicht nur der Pkw, sondern auch der Weg zu Fuß oder mit dem Fahrrad. Auch André Grüttner und Oliver Rottmann, Universität Leipzig, schlagen eine Gesamtstrategie statt unkoordinierter Einzelmaßnahmen vor. Ein kostenfreier ÖPNV erscheine daher wenig zielführend. Für Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer, RWTH Aachen, ist ein entscheidender Hebel zur Begrenzung der CO2-Emissionen die Sektorenkopplung. Das heißt, den zunehmend erneuerbar erzeugten Strom nicht nur zur Bereitstellung von Wärme für Gebäude, sondern vermehrt auch zum Antrieb von Fahrzeugen zu nutzen. Gernot Sieg, Universität Münster, findet die First-best-Lösung städtischer Verkehrsprobleme in einer entfernungsabhängigen Straßenbenutzungsgebühr, die zeitlich gestaffelt alle Externalitäten wie Stau, Lärm und Luftschadstoffe internalisiert. Und auch David Stadelmann, Universität Bayreuth, spricht sich für eine Verkehrsmengenlenkung mittels einer City-Maut aus. Heiner Monheim, Universität Trier, bevorzugt einen Gesamtverkehrs­plan mit weniger Autos, selektiver Autonutzung und einem Ausbau des Umweltverbundes.

Suggested Citation

  • Günter Knieps & Thomas Griese & André Grüttner & Oliver Rottmann & Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer & Gernot Sieg & David Stadelmann & Heiner Monheim, 2018. "Fahrverbote, City-Maut, kostenloser öffentlicher Nahverkehr: Wege aus dem Verkehrskollaps?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 71(09), pages 03-22, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:71:y:2018:i:09:p:03-22
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    JEL classification:

    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General
    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

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