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Biochars influence differential distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter

Author

Listed:
  • M.F. Qayyum

    (Institute of Plant Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
    Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan)

  • D. Steffens

    (Institute of Plant Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany)

  • H.P. Reisenauer

    (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany)

  • S. Schubert

    (Institute of Plant Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany)

Abstract

In the present study, three soils (Ferralsol, Luvisol topsoil, and Luvisol subsoil) were amended with biochars (charcoal, hydrothermal carbonization coal (HTC) of bark, and low-temperature conversion coal of sewage sludge), wheat straw and a control (no amendment) and incubated over a period of 365 days. Each amendment was applied at a rate of 11.29 g C/kg soil. After incubation, the soils were analyzed to retrieve three density fractions (free fraction (FF), intra-aggregate fraction (IAF), and heavy fraction) which were analyzed for total carbon (TC) contents and scanned by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biochars and straw significantly increased the TC contents of soils as compared to control. Among soil organic matter (SOM) density fractions, higher TC contents were documented in the FF and IAF from biochar treatments as compared to the straw. The FTIR spectra of the FF from the charcoal and HTC treatments showed the presence of aluminosilicate minerals on surfaces of SOM. There were slight changes in the FF of straw and HTC treatments as compared to spectra of original amendments. The study suggests that the stability of charcoal and HTC in soils is due to the recalcitrant nature of biochar followed by occlusion into soil micro-aggregates.

Suggested Citation

  • M.F. Qayyum & D. Steffens & H.P. Reisenauer & S. Schubert, 2014. "Biochars influence differential distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 60(8), pages 337-343.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:60:y:2014:i:8:id:768-2013-pse
    DOI: 10.17221/768/2013-PSE
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dominic Woolf & James E. Amonette & F. Alayne Street-Perrott & Johannes Lehmann & Stephen Joseph, 2010. "Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 1-9, December.
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    1. K. Břendová & P. Tlustoš & J. Száková, 2015. "Biochar immobilizes cadmium and zinc and improves phytoextraction potential of willow plants on extremely contaminated soil," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 61(7), pages 303-308.
    2. P. Kraska & P. Oleszczuk & S. Andruszczak & E. Kwiecińska-Poppe & K. Różyło & E. Pałys & P. Gierasimiuk & Z. Michałojć, 2016. "Effect of various biochar rates on winter rye yield and the concentration of available nutrients in the soil," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(11), pages 483-489.
    3. Yun CAO & Yan MA & Dejie GUO & Qiujun WANG & Guangfei WANG, 2017. "Chemical properties and microbial responses to biochar and compost amendments in the soil under continuous watermelon cropping," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 63(1), pages 1-7.

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