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Mapping poverty at the local level in Europe: A consistent spatial disaggregation of the AROPE indicator for France, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom

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  • Alberto Díaz Dapena
  • Esteban Fernández Vázquez
  • Fernando Rubiera Morollón
  • Ana Viñuela

Abstract

In the EU, territorial inequalities in terms of income and poverty have been broadly analysed at the national and regional levels. However, mainly due to the lack of reliable data, very little attention has been paid to territorial inequalities within European regions, namely, at a more local level, such as in metropolitan areas, cities or neighbourhoods. This paper proposes a methodology to disaggregate official regional poverty figures into poverty indicators for smaller spatial units, mainly local administrative units. For each country, poverty figures at the regional level from household surveys are combined with microcensus data that contain details on the local entities of residence to disaggregate the regional poverty indicator. In contrast to previous methodologies, our proposed technique guarantees consistency between the local poverty estimates and the regional poverty figures through a second step that adjusts the initial estimates based on generalized cross entropy. The procedure is applied for four European countries: France, Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal. The resulting local estimates provide an intraregional map of poverty and some insights into the particular behaviour of the capital regions and the disparities between city centres and their surrounding areas. En la UE, las desigualdades territoriales en cuanto a ingresos y pobreza se han analizado ampliamente a nivel nacional y regional. Sin embargo, debido principalmente a la falta de datos fiables, se ha prestado muy poca atención a las desigualdades territoriales dentro de las regiones europeas a un nivel más local, como pueden ser las zonas metropolitanas, las ciudades o los barrios. En el presente artículo se propone una metodología para desglosar las cifras regionales oficiales de pobreza en indicadores de pobreza para unidades espaciales más pequeñas, principalmente unidades administrativas locales. Para cada país, se combinan las cifras de pobreza a nivel regional procedentes de las encuestas de hogares con datos de microcensos que contienen detalles sobre las entidades locales de residencia para desglosar el indicador de pobreza regional. A diferencia de las metodologías anteriores, la técnica que se propone aquí garantiza la coherencia entre las estimaciones de pobreza locales y las cifras de pobreza regionales mediante un segundo paso que ajusta las estimaciones iniciales basadas en la entropía cruzada generalizada. El procedimiento se aplica en cuatro países europeos: Francia, España, el Reino Unido y Portugal. Las estimaciones locales resultantes proporcionan un mapa intrarregional de la pobreza y algunas percepciones del comportamiento particular de las regiones que albergan la capital y las disparidades entre los centros de las ciudades y sus zonas circundantes. EUでは、所得と貧困における地域間の不平等が、国レベルおよび地域レベルで広く分析されている。しかし、信頼できるデータが不足していることが主な理由で、ヨーロッパ地域内、すなわち大都市、都市、居住区域などの、より地方レベルでの地域間の不平等にはほとんど注意が向けられていない。本稿では、主に地方行政単位である小規模な空間単位に適用する、公式の地域の貧困度を示す数値を貧困指標に細分化する方法を提案する。各国については、世帯調査から得られた地域レベルの貧困度を示す数値を、住民の地方組織の詳細を含むミクロ統計データと組み合わせ、地域の貧困指標を細分化する。これまでの方法とは対照的に、著者らが提案する方法は、一般化した交差エントロピーに基づく初期推定値を調整する二つの段階により、地域の貧困度の推定値と地域の貧困度を示す数値の整合性を保証するものである。この方法を、欧州のフランス、スペイン、英国、ポルトガルの4カ国に適用する。地方の推定値の結果から、地域内の貧困度を示す地図と、大都市部の地域にみられる動向及び都市中心部とその周辺地域との間の格差に関する理解が得られる。

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Díaz Dapena & Esteban Fernández Vázquez & Fernando Rubiera Morollón & Ana Viñuela, 2021. "Mapping poverty at the local level in Europe: A consistent spatial disaggregation of the AROPE indicator for France, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(1), pages 63-81, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:63-81
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12379
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    Cited by:

    1. Alfredo Cartone & Domenica Panzera & Paolo Postiglione, 2022. "Regional economic disparities, spatial dependence and proximity structures," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(5), pages 1034-1050, October.
    2. Juan Manuel Espejo Benítez & José María Millán Tapia, 2023. "Población en riesgo de pobreza y/o exclusión social. Propuesta metodológica para la estimación del indicador AROPE en los municipios de Andalucía," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 246(3), pages 101-135, September.

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