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Entrepreneurship Policy Agenda in the European Union: A Text Mining Perspective

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  • Alberto Arenal
  • Claudio Feijoo
  • Ana Moreno
  • Sergio Ramos
  • Cristina Armuña

Abstract

This study analyzes the learning curve in the emergence and development of an entrepreneurship policy in the European Union (EU) during the period 1990–2016 by identifying the key topics in the policy agenda setting and their evolution over time within a corpus of 576 selected policy‐making documents. To this end, the study uses a combination of text mining techniques, cluster analysis, and qualitative assessment, which illustrate the possibilities of these tools to learn about the evolution of the policy cycle in a particular domain. The results from the analysis display three main stages, each of which have two substages. During the initial period, which lasted up until the late 1990s, labelled (i) latent EU entrepreneurship policy, there were hardly any specific entrepreneurship policy initiatives and only some general enterprise‐fostering policies at the EU level which included, tangentially, SMEs and entrepreneurs. In the (ii) emergent EU entrepreneurship policy stage, which can be traced from the late 1990s to the early 2010s, saw the initial steps of an entrepreneurship policy with a main focus on diagnosis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and some measures of support, mainly to SMEs. The third and last period to date, which began in the 2010s is a (iii) new normal for EU entrepreneurship policy, which is a more targeted stage aimed at promoting not only the quantity but also quality of business ventures. Overall, this study provides a complete overview of the EU entrepreneurship policy evolution and concludes with a granular proposal for its continued development, while identifying main themes and foundational concepts, establishing patterns, and finding temporal and contextual relations within the EU policy cycle. 本文在一项包含576个决策文件的资料库中识别政策议程设置中的关键主题以及随时间推移出现的进展,进而分析了1990‐2016年间欧盟(EU)一项创业政策的出现及发展过程中的学习曲线。为此,本文结合了文本挖掘技术、聚类分析和定性评估,阐明了使用这些工具学习特定领域中的政策周期发展的可能性。分析结果展示了三个主阶段,每个主阶段有两个亚阶段。在最初阶段,被称为(a)潜在的欧盟创业政策阶段,几乎不存在任何具体的创业政策倡议,仅有一些用于培养企业的欧盟一般性政策,包括与中小型企业及企业家沾边的政策,这一阶段持续到20世纪90年代末。在(b)欧盟创业政策新兴阶段,创业政策(主要目标是企业家生态系统诊断和一些支持措施)的最初步骤—主要针对中小型企业—能追溯到20世纪90年代末到21世纪10年代初。目前,第三阶段是(c)欧盟创业政策新常态阶段,该阶段目标旨在推动企业的数量和质量;并且该阶段自2010年起一直进行。整体而言,本文全面概述了欧盟创业政策发展并在结论处针对该发展进行了详细提议,识别了主要主题和基本概念、建立了模式、并发现了欧盟政策周期内的时间关系和情境关系。 Este artículo analiza la aparición y desarrollo de las políticas públicas en materia de emprendimiento en la Unión Europea (UE) durante los años 1990‐2016. En particular, el artículo identifica los principales temas y conceptos que han marcado la agenda en un conjunto de 576 documentos en este ámbito. Con esta finalidad, el estudio utiliza una combinación de técnicas del ámbito de la minería de textos junto con una evaluación cualitativa, que en términos prácticos sirve para ilustrar las posibilidades que ofrecen este tipo de herramientas para la evaluación del ciclo político en un ámbito determinado. Los resultados apuntan a tres etapas principales, divididas a su vez en dos subperiodos. Durante la etapa inicial, que tiene lugar hasta finales de los años 1990s y que se denomina (i) Políticas públicas en estado latente, apenas existen menciones específicas en materia de emprendimiento y en la que únicamente aparecen algunas menciones a los emprendedores a nivel individual y a las PYME en el marco de las políticas de empresa de ámbito general. La segunda etapa, (ii) Políticas públicas en estado emergente, que tiene lugar desde finales de los años 1990s hasta el inicio de la década de 2010s, en el que aparecen las primeras políticas públicas específicas en materia de emprendimiento que fundamentalmente se focalizan en el diagnóstico el ecosistema emprendedor y detallan algunas medidas de soporte, muy ligadas a las PYME. La tercera etapa, (iii) Una nueva normalidad en las políticas públicas de emprendimiento, que empieza a comienzos de la década de 2010s y que se caracteriza por un cambio de mentalidad a la hora de promover no solo la cantidad sino también la calidad de las iniciativas emprendedoras. A nivel general, este artículo proporciona una visión de conjunto de la evolución de las políticas públicas en materia de emprendimiento en la UE y concluye con una propuesta más granular sobre su desarrollo, a la vez que identifica los principales temas y conceptos fundamentales, estableciendo conexiones a nivel temporal y/o contextual en el marco del ciclo político de la UE.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Arenal & Claudio Feijoo & Ana Moreno & Sergio Ramos & Cristina Armuña, 2021. "Entrepreneurship Policy Agenda in the European Union: A Text Mining Perspective," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(2), pages 243-271, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:243-271
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12416
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Meng, Jia-Hui & Wang, Jian, 2023. "The policy trajectory of dual-use technology integration governance in China: A sequential analysis of policy evolution," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Oana-Ramona Lobonț & Ana-Cristina Nicolescu & Florin Costea & Zheng-Zheng Li & Alexandra-Mădălina Țăran & Adriana Davidescu, 2022. "A Panel Threshold Model to Capture the Nonlinear Nexus between Public Policy and Entrepreneurial Activities in EU Countries," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Mª Inmaculada López-Núñez & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & Cristina Armuña & Elena Pérez-Urria, 2022. "EntreComp Questionnaire: A Self-Assessment Tool for Entrepreneurship Competencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Asimakopoulos, Grigorios & Revilla, Antonio & Rodríguez, Alicia, 2023. "International R&D sourcing, innovation and firm age: The advantage of ‘born-international sourcers’," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    6. Yuanshuo Xu & Yiwen Zhu & Yan Wu & Xiaoliang Wang & Weiwen Zhang, 2022. "The Population Flow under Regional Cooperation of “City-Helps-City”: The Case of Mountain-Sea Project in Zhejiang," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, October.

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