IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/revpol/v38y2021i2p243-271.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Entrepreneurship Policy Agenda in the European Union: A Text Mining Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Alberto Arenal
  • Claudio Feijoo
  • Ana Moreno
  • Sergio Ramos
  • Cristina Armuña

Abstract

This study analyzes the learning curve in the emergence and development of an entrepreneurship policy in the European Union (EU) during the period 1990–2016 by identifying the key topics in the policy agenda setting and their evolution over time within a corpus of 576 selected policy‐making documents. To this end, the study uses a combination of text mining techniques, cluster analysis, and qualitative assessment, which illustrate the possibilities of these tools to learn about the evolution of the policy cycle in a particular domain. The results from the analysis display three main stages, each of which have two substages. During the initial period, which lasted up until the late 1990s, labelled (i) latent EU entrepreneurship policy, there were hardly any specific entrepreneurship policy initiatives and only some general enterprise‐fostering policies at the EU level which included, tangentially, SMEs and entrepreneurs. In the (ii) emergent EU entrepreneurship policy stage, which can be traced from the late 1990s to the early 2010s, saw the initial steps of an entrepreneurship policy with a main focus on diagnosis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and some measures of support, mainly to SMEs. The third and last period to date, which began in the 2010s is a (iii) new normal for EU entrepreneurship policy, which is a more targeted stage aimed at promoting not only the quantity but also quality of business ventures. Overall, this study provides a complete overview of the EU entrepreneurship policy evolution and concludes with a granular proposal for its continued development, while identifying main themes and foundational concepts, establishing patterns, and finding temporal and contextual relations within the EU policy cycle. 本文在一项包含576个决策文件的资料库中识别政策议程设置中的关键主题以及随时间推移出现的进展,进而分析了1990‐2016年间欧盟(EU)一项创业政策的出现及发展过程中的学习曲线。为此,本文结合了文本挖掘技术、聚类分析和定性评估,阐明了使用这些工具学习特定领域中的政策周期发展的可能性。分析结果展示了三个主阶段,每个主阶段有两个亚阶段。在最初阶段,被称为(a)潜在的欧盟创业政策阶段,几乎不存在任何具体的创业政策倡议,仅有一些用于培养企业的欧盟一般性政策,包括与中小型企业及企业家沾边的政策,这一阶段持续到20世纪90年代末。在(b)欧盟创业政策新兴阶段,创业政策(主要目标是企业家生态系统诊断和一些支持措施)的最初步骤—主要针对中小型企业—能追溯到20世纪90年代末到21世纪10年代初。目前,第三阶段是(c)欧盟创业政策新常态阶段,该阶段目标旨在推动企业的数量和质量;并且该阶段自2010年起一直进行。整体而言,本文全面概述了欧盟创业政策发展并在结论处针对该发展进行了详细提议,识别了主要主题和基本概念、建立了模式、并发现了欧盟政策周期内的时间关系和情境关系。 Este artículo analiza la aparición y desarrollo de las políticas públicas en materia de emprendimiento en la Unión Europea (UE) durante los años 1990‐2016. En particular, el artículo identifica los principales temas y conceptos que han marcado la agenda en un conjunto de 576 documentos en este ámbito. Con esta finalidad, el estudio utiliza una combinación de técnicas del ámbito de la minería de textos junto con una evaluación cualitativa, que en términos prácticos sirve para ilustrar las posibilidades que ofrecen este tipo de herramientas para la evaluación del ciclo político en un ámbito determinado. Los resultados apuntan a tres etapas principales, divididas a su vez en dos subperiodos. Durante la etapa inicial, que tiene lugar hasta finales de los años 1990s y que se denomina (i) Políticas públicas en estado latente, apenas existen menciones específicas en materia de emprendimiento y en la que únicamente aparecen algunas menciones a los emprendedores a nivel individual y a las PYME en el marco de las políticas de empresa de ámbito general. La segunda etapa, (ii) Políticas públicas en estado emergente, que tiene lugar desde finales de los años 1990s hasta el inicio de la década de 2010s, en el que aparecen las primeras políticas públicas específicas en materia de emprendimiento que fundamentalmente se focalizan en el diagnóstico el ecosistema emprendedor y detallan algunas medidas de soporte, muy ligadas a las PYME. La tercera etapa, (iii) Una nueva normalidad en las políticas públicas de emprendimiento, que empieza a comienzos de la década de 2010s y que se caracteriza por un cambio de mentalidad a la hora de promover no solo la cantidad sino también la calidad de las iniciativas emprendedoras. A nivel general, este artículo proporciona una visión de conjunto de la evolución de las políticas públicas en materia de emprendimiento en la UE y concluye con una propuesta más granular sobre su desarrollo, a la vez que identifica los principales temas y conceptos fundamentales, estableciendo conexiones a nivel temporal y/o contextual en el marco del ciclo político de la UE.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Arenal & Claudio Feijoo & Ana Moreno & Sergio Ramos & Cristina Armuña, 2021. "Entrepreneurship Policy Agenda in the European Union: A Text Mining Perspective," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(2), pages 243-271, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:243-271
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12416
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ropr.12416?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David B. Audretsch & Isabel Grilo & A. Roy Thurik (ed.), 2007. "Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Policy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 3856.
    2. Falk Daviter, 2015. "The political use of knowledge in the policy process," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 48(4), pages 491-505, December.
    3. Arshed, Norin, 2017. "The origins of policy ideas: The importance of think tanks in the enterprise policy process in the UK," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 74-83.
    4. Amandine Crespy & Georg Menz, 2015. "Commission Entrepreneurship and the Debasing of Social Europe Before and After the Eurocrisis," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 753-768, July.
    5. Cincera, Michele & Veugelers, Reinhilde, 2014. "Differences in the rates of return to R&D for European and US young leading R&D firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(8), pages 1413-1421.
    6. Friederike Welter & Frank Lasch, 2008. "Entrepreneurship Research in Europe: Taking Stock and Looking Forward," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(2), pages 241-248, March.
    7. Erik Stam, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Regional Policy: A Sympathetic Critique," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(9), pages 1759-1769, September.
    8. Edler, Jakob & James, Andrew D., 2015. "Understanding the emergence of new science and technology policies: Policy entrepreneurship, agenda setting and the development of the European Framework Programme," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 1252-1265.
    9. Román, Concepción & Congregado, Emilio & Millán, José María, 2013. "Start-up incentives: Entrepreneurship policy or active labour market programme?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 151-175.
    10. Alexander Kleibrink & Edurne Magro, 2018. "The making of responsive innovation policies: varieties of evidence and their contestation in the Basque Country," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo, 2005. "Latent and actual entrepreneurship in Europe and the US: some recent developments," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2005-24, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
    12. Norin Arshed & Sara Carter & Colin Mason, 2014. "The ineffectiveness of entrepreneurship policy: is policy formulation to blame?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 639-659, October.
    13. Brett Anitra Gilbert & David B. Audretsch & Patricia P. McDougall, 2004. "The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 22(3_4), pages 313-323, April.
    14. Maria Minniti, 2008. "The Role of Government Policy on Entrepreneurial Activity: Productive, Unproductive, or Destructive?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(5), pages 779-790, September.
    15. Nadim Ahmad & Richard G. Seymour, 2008. "Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2008/1, OECD Publishing.
    16. Pollack, Mark A., 1997. "Delegation, agency, and agenda setting in the European Community," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(1), pages 99-134, January.
    17. Zoltan Acs & Laszlo Szerb, 2007. "Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Policy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 109-122, March.
    18. Peter Van Der Zwan & Ingrid Verheul & Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo, 2013. "Entrepreneurial Progress: Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder in Europe and the United States," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(5), pages 803-825, May.
    19. Amandine Crespy & Georg Menz, 2015. "Commission Entrepreneurship and the Debasing of Social Europe Before and After the Eurocrisis," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/205514, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    20. Erkko Autio & Laszlo Szerb & Eva Komlosi & Monika Tiszberger, 2018. "The European Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems," JRC Research Reports JRC112439, Joint Research Centre.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Oana-Ramona Lobonț & Ana-Cristina Nicolescu & Florin Costea & Zheng-Zheng Li & Alexandra-Mădălina Țăran & Adriana Davidescu, 2022. "A Panel Threshold Model to Capture the Nonlinear Nexus between Public Policy and Entrepreneurial Activities in EU Countries," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Scott W. Hegerty & Arkadiusz M. Kowalski & Małgorzata S. Lewandowska, 2023. "Complementarity of additionalities resulting from European Union funds: Perspective of the users of research infrastructures," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(2), pages 307-331, March.
    3. Meng, Jia-Hui & Wang, Jian, 2023. "The policy trajectory of dual-use technology integration governance in China: A sequential analysis of policy evolution," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    4. Mª Inmaculada López-Núñez & Susana Rubio-Valdehita & Cristina Armuña & Elena Pérez-Urria, 2022. "EntreComp Questionnaire: A Self-Assessment Tool for Entrepreneurship Competencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Asimakopoulos, Grigorios & Revilla, Antonio & Rodríguez, Alicia, 2023. "International R&D sourcing, innovation and firm age: The advantage of ‘born-international sourcers’," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    6. Yuanshuo Xu & Yiwen Zhu & Yan Wu & Xiaoliang Wang & Weiwen Zhang, 2022. "The Population Flow under Regional Cooperation of “City-Helps-City”: The Case of Mountain-Sea Project in Zhejiang," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Catherine Laffineur & Saulo Dubard Barbosa & Alain Fayolle & Emeran Nziali, 2017. "Active labor market programs’ effects on entrepreneurship and unemployment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 889-918, December.
    2. Ivano Dileo & Thaís García Pereiro, 2019. "Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process. A cross-country multilevel approach," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1393-1441, December.
    3. Ratinho, Tiago & Amezcua, Alejandro & Honig, Benson & Zeng, Zhaocheng, 2020. "Supporting entrepreneurs: A systematic review of literature and an agenda for research," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    4. Raquel Ortega-Argilés, 2022. "The evolution of regional entrepreneurship policies: “no one size fits all”," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 69(3), pages 585-610, December.
    5. Patricia Herrera Kit & Jorge Iván Cuervo & Claudia Lugo Upegui, 2019. "El referencial de política pública: cuatro estudios de caso. Una aproximación desde Colombia," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales, number 136, April.
    6. Michael Peneder, 2009. "The Meaning of Entrepreneurship: A Modular Concept," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 77-99, June.
    7. Ondřej Dvouletý & Stjepan Srhoj & Smaranda Pantea, 2021. "Public SME grants and firm performance in European Union: A systematic review of empirical evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 243-263, June.
    8. Bernhard Zeilinger, 2021. "The European Commission as a Policy Entrepreneur under the European Semester," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 63-73.
    9. Folashade O. Akinyemi & Oluwabunmi O. Adejumo, 2018. "Government policies and entrepreneurship phases in emerging economies: Nigeria and South Africa," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, December.
    10. Wei, Yifan, 2022. "Reprint of: Regional governments and opportunity entrepreneurship in underdeveloped institutional environments: An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    11. Norin Arshed & Colin Mason & Sara Carter, 2016. "Exploring the disconnect in policy implementation: A case of enterprise policy in England," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(8), pages 1582-1611, December.
    12. Zrar Mohsin Mohammadali & Sabir Sadiq Abdulkhaliq, 2019. "Prospects And Challenges Of Entrepreneurship Development In The Kurdistan Region Of Iraq: An Overview," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Center for International Scientific Research of VSO and VSPP, vol. 7(2), pages 4-16, December.
    13. Wei, Yifan, 2022. "Regional governments and opportunity entrepreneurship in underdeveloped institutional environments: An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(1).
    14. Surana, Kavita & Singh, Anuraag & Sagar, Ambuj D, 2020. "Strengthening science, technology, and innovation-based incubators to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from India," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    15. David S. Lucas & Caleb S. Fuller & Ennio E. Piano & Christopher J. Coyne, 2018. "Visions of entrepreneurship policy," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 7(4), pages 336-356, November.
    16. Kavita Surana & Anuraag Singh & Ambuj D Sagar, 2020. "Strengthening science, technology, and innovation-based incubators to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from India," Papers 2005.13138, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2020.
    17. Maria Figueroa-Armijos & Thomas G. Johnson, 2016. "Entrepreneurship policy and economic growth: Solution or delusion? Evidence from a state initiative," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1033-1047, December.
    18. Arenal, Alberto & Feijoo, Claudio & Moreno, Ana & Ramos, Sergio & Armuña, Cristina, 2019. "Text mining the entrepreneurship policy agenda in the EU: From naïveté into reality," 30th European Regional ITS Conference, Helsinki 2019 205163, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    19. Fernando Castelló-Sirvent & Pablo Pinazo-Dallenbach, 2021. "Corruption Shock in Mexico: fsQCA Analysis of Entrepreneurial Intention in University Students," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-31, July.
    20. Christina Theodoraki & Alexis Catanzaro, 2022. "Widening the borders of entrepreneurial ecosystem through the international lens," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 383-406, April.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:2:p:243-271. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipsonea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.