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Modelling Transitions to Sustainable Food Systems: Are We Missing the Point?

Author

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  • Jesus Barreiro‐Hurle
  • Mariia Bogonos
  • Mihaly Himics
  • Jordan Hristov
  • Ignacio Pérez‐Domínguez
  • Amar Sahoo
  • Guna Salputra
  • Franz Weiss
  • Edoardo Baldoni
  • Christian Elleby

Abstract

Agricultural stakeholders have concerns regarding the potential impact of the Farm‐to‐Fork and Biodiversity strategies on the agricultural sector. Several studies have been published recently trying to understand how these strategies would affect the sector, including a JRC report on modelling environmental and climate ambition in the agricultural sector written by the authors of this article. In this article, we argue that the narrow focus of the analysis undertaken is the main driver of the reported reduction in agricultural production in the EU, its deteriorating trade balance and increased prices. We highlight that the strategies include a much broader set of interventions that are not accounted for in the analysis and that the tools used have limitations preventing them from capturing the full scope of potential impacts. The evidence gained from improvements to our modelling approach further reinforce the idea that reported impacts are a higher bound of the potential impact of the input reduction targets. In addition, we signal the limited evidence available on the co‐benefits of improved environmental quality the strategies aim to attain. Both aspects lead us to conclude that we are currently far from being able to assess the impacts that a transition to more sustainable food systems will have on the agricultural sector. Les acteurs du secteur agricole s’inquiètent de l’impact potentiel de la stratégie de la ferme à l’assiette et de celle en faveur de biodiversité sur le secteur. Plusieurs études ont été publiées récemment pour essayer de comprendre comment ces stratégies affecteraient le secteur, y compris un rapport du Centre commun de recherche que nous avons rédigé. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que c’est le champ étroit de l’analyse qui explique largement la réduction signalée de la production agricole, de la détérioration de la balance commerciale et de la hausse des prix dans l’Union européenne. Nous soulignons que les stratégies incluent un ensemble beaucoup plus large d’interventions qui ne sont pas prises en compte dans l’analyse et que les outils utilisés ont des limites qui les empêchent de saisir toute la portée des impacts potentiels. Les résultats obtenus grâce aux améliorations apportées à notre approche de modélisation renforcent encore l’idée que les impacts signalés sont une limite supérieure de l’impact potentiel des objectifs de réduction des intrants. De plus, nous signalons que les informations disponibles sur les co‐bénéfices de l’amélioration de la qualité de l’environnement que les stratégies visent à atteindre sont limitées. Ces deux aspects nous amènent à conclure que nous sommes actuellement loin de pouvoir évaluer les impacts qu’une transition vers des systèmes alimentaires plus durables aura sur le secteur agricole. Die Interessengruppen in der Landwirtschaft sind besorgt über die möglichen Auswirkungen der Farm‐to‐Fork‐ und Biodiversitätsstrategien auf den Sektor. In jüngster Zeit wurden mehrere Studien veröffentlicht, die zu verstehen versuchen, wie sich die Strategien auf den Sektor auswirken können. Darunter ist auch ein von uns verfasster Bericht der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle (Joint Research Centre) der Europäischen Kommission. Im vorliegenden Artikel argumentieren wir, dass der enge Fokus der durchgeführten Analyse die Hauptursache für den ausgewiesenen Rückgang der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion in der EU, die Verschlechterung der Handelsbilanz und den Preisanstieg ist. Wir weisen darauf hin, dass die Strategien ein viel breiteres Spektrum von Interventionen umfassen, die in der Analyse nicht berücksichtigt werden des Weiteren heben wir hervor, dass die verwendeten Instrumente nur begrenzt geeignet sind, das volle Ausmaß der möglichen Auswirkungen zu erfassen. Die Erkenntnisse, die wir aus der Verbesserung unseres Modellierungsansatzes gewonnen haben, bestärken uns in der Annahme, dass die ausgewiesenen Auswirkungen eine obere Grenze im Hinblick auf die potenziellen Auswirkungen der Ziele zur Verringerung der Inputs darstellen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass es nur wenige Erkenntnisse für den Zusatznutzen einer verbesserten Umweltqualität gibt, die mit den Strategien erreicht werden soll. Beide Aspekte führen uns zu dem Schluss, dass wir derzeit weit davon entfernt sind, die Auswirkungen eines Übergangs zu nachhaltigeren Lebensmittelsystemen auf den Agrarsektor beurteilen zu können.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesus Barreiro‐Hurle & Mariia Bogonos & Mihaly Himics & Jordan Hristov & Ignacio Pérez‐Domínguez & Amar Sahoo & Guna Salputra & Franz Weiss & Edoardo Baldoni & Christian Elleby, 2021. "Modelling Transitions to Sustainable Food Systems: Are We Missing the Point?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 12-20, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:3:p:12-20
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12339
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Beckman, Jayson & Ivanic, Maros & Jelliffe, Jeremy L. & Baquedano, Felix G. & Scott, Sara G., 2020. "Economic and Food Security Impacts of Agricultural Input Reduction Under the European Union Green Deal’s Farm to Fork and Biodiversity Strategies," Agricultural Economic Reports 307277, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Hervé Guyomard & Jean-Christophe Bureau & Vincent Chatellier & Cécile Détang-Dessendre & Pierre Dupraz & Florence Jacquet & Xavier Reboud & Vincent Réquillart & Louis-Georges Soler & Margot Tysebaert, 2020. "The Green Deal and the CAP: policy implications to adapt farming practices and to preserve the EU's natural resources [Le Pacte vert et la PAC : implications politiques pour adapter les pratiques a," Post-Print hal-03219169, HAL.
    3. Himics, Mihaly & Giannakis, Elias & Kushta, Jonilda & Hristov, Jordan & Sahoo, Amarendra & Perez-Dominguez, Ignacio, 2022. "Co-benefits of a flexitarian diet for air quality and human health in Europe," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
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    1. Davide Dell’Unto & Gabriele Dono & Raffaele Cortignani, 2023. "Impacts of Environmental Targets on the Livestock Sector: An Assessment Tool Applied to Italy," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Cortignani, R. & Coderoni, S., 2022. "The impacts of environmental and climate targets on agriculture: Policy options in Italy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 1095-1112.

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