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Green bonds: the reserve management perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Ingo Fender
  • Mike McMorrow
  • Vahe Sahakyan
  • Omar Zulaica

Abstract

Central banks' frameworks for managing foreign exchange reserves have traditionally balanced a triad of objectives: liquidity, safety and return. Pursuing these objectives involves explicit trade-offs. Recently central banks have shown interest in incorporating environmental sustainability objectives into their reserve management frameworks. Rather than a triad, central banks may analyse (and weigh) a tetrad of reserve management objectives in allocating part of their foreign exchange reserves to green bonds.

Suggested Citation

  • Ingo Fender & Mike McMorrow & Vahe Sahakyan & Omar Zulaica, 2019. "Green bonds: the reserve management perspective," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisqtr:1909f
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

    1. Florian Böser & Chiara Colesanti Senni, 2020. "Emission-based Interest Rates and the Transition to a Low-carbon Economy," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 20/337, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
    2. Boitan, Iustina Alina & Marchewka-Bartkowiak, Kamilla, 2022. "Climate change and the pricing of sovereign debt: Insights from European markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    3. Torinelli, Viviane Helena & Silva Júnior, Antônio Francisco de Almeida da, 2021. "Environmental risk analysis (ERA) in the strategic asset allocation (SAA) of the international reserves (IRs) managed by central banks (CBs)," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(1).
    4. Raffaele Doronzo & Vittorio Siracusa & Stefano Antonelli, 2021. "Green Bonds: the Sovereign Issuers' Perspective," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems) 3, Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System.
    5. Boutabba, Mohamed Amine & Rannou, Yves, 2022. "Investor strategies in the green bond market: The influence of liquidity risks, economic factors and clientele effects," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Muñiz, José Antonio & Larkin, Charles & Corbet, Shaen, 2025. "Understanding the use of unconventional monetary policy for portfolio decarbonisation in Europe," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    7. Bernal-Ramirez, Joaquin & Ocampo, José Antonio, 2020. "Climate change: policies to manage its macroeconomic and financial effects," Working papers 63, Red Investigadores de Economía.
    8. Shivam Azad & S. L. Tulasi Devi, 2025. "Sustainable development and investor confidence: The safe‐haven appeal of green‐bond issuing firms," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 1249-1268, February.
    9. Sebastien Boitreaud & Ekaterina M. Gratcheva & Bryan Gurhy & Cindy Paladines & Andrius Skarnulis, 2020. "Riding the Wave," World Bank Publications - Reports 34673, The World Bank Group.
    10. Simon Dikau & Nick Robins & Matthias Täger, 2019. "Building a sustainable financial system: the state of practice and future priorities," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Autumn.
    11. Badía, Guillermo & Cortez, Maria Céu & Silva, Florinda, 2024. "Do investors benefit from investing in stocks of green bond issuers?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    12. Mohamed Amine Boutabba & Yves Rannou, 2020. "Investor strategies and Liquidity Premia in the European Green Bond market," Post-Print hal-02544451, HAL.
    13. Su, Tong & Zhang, Zuopeng (Justin) & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Green bonds and conventional financial markets in China: A tale of three transmission modes," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    14. Florian B¨oser & Chiara Colesanti Senni, 2021. "CAROs: Climate Risk-Adjusted Refinancing Operations," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 21/354, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
    15. Egemen Eren & Floortje Merten & Niek Verhoeven, 2022. "Pricing of climate risks in financial markets: a summary of the literature," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 130, July.
    16. Marina Zucker‐Marques & Kevin P. Gallagher, 2024. "Sustainable future bonds: Boosting multilateral development banks lending and improving the global reserve system: Sustainable future bonds," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 15(1), pages 166-182, February.
    17. Jakub Demski & Yingwei Dong & Patrick McGuire & Benoit Mojon, 2025. "Growth of the green bond market and green house gas emissions," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    18. Ingo Fender & Mike McMorrow & Vahe Sahakyan & Omar Zulaica, 2020. "Reserve management and sustainability: the case for green bonds?," BIS Working Papers 849, Bank for International Settlements.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

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