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Sukuk: A Shariah Compliant Tool for Financing Budget Deficits الصكوك: أداة متوافقة مع الشريعة لتمويل العجز في الميزانية

Author

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  • Omar Zuhair Hafiz

    (Associate Professor, Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The lead paper (Pettifor, 2019) discusses an important issue at the macroeconomic level, especially the impact of financing government’s expansionary budget deficit through borrowing. The paper reiterates that claiming that the use of loans to finance the deficit will lead to a decline in the economic activity and will in turn increase the deficit, is a common misconception. In fact, the data on the British economy over a period of a hundred years, as shown in the lead paper, proves that there is a positive relationship between the volume of the budget deficit (and public debt) and economic activity. This, in turn, lead to a decrease in unemployment and thus, eventually contributed to a reduction in the budget deficit. These results have been proven by other researches as well as I have mentioned in this paper. I have also pointed to other researches which indicate that there is a negative relationship between the size of the debt (or the budget deficit), and economic activity, which contradicts the hypothesis of the lead paper. In this brief comment on the lead paper, I also discuss the fact that the global debt phenomenon has become a burning issue. I present a summary of the state of international debt around the world and discuss its impact on the economies of many countries that repay their debts in hard currencies. I argue that this situation must be taken into consideration when discussing the impact of borrowing to finance the government budget deficit to stimulate economic growth. I also propose that these effects on the borrowing economies should also be analyzed in the event that these international loans are in the form of Islamic instruments (ṣukūk) which are increasingly being used by some governments as a tool to finance their budget deficits, especially among the OIC countries. However, because it is a modern financing tool, several years need to pass before we can viably test the relationship between them and economic growth and the extent of their impact on key variables at the macro level of the economy. تناقش الورقة الرئيسية (بيتيفور، 2019م) قضية مهمة على مستوى الاقتصاد الكلي وخاصة تأثير تمويل العجز الحكومي للنشاط التوسعي في المالية العامة باستخدام القروض. وتؤكد الورقة خطأ الزعم أن استخدام القروض لتمويل العجز سوف يؤدى إلى انخفاض النشاط الاقتصادي وزيادة العجز، بل إن الاحصائيات للاقتصاد البريطاني على مدى مائة عام، كما أشارت إليه الورقة، أثبتت العلاقة الإيجابية بين حجم القروض وبين النشاط الاقتصادي الذي زاد بزيادة القروض وأدت كذلك إلى خفض البطالة وساهم في تخفيض عجز الميزانية. وهذه النتائج قد أثبتتها بحوث أخرى أشرت إليها، كما أشرت إلى بحوث أخرى أثبتت العلاقة السلبية بين حجم الديون وبين النشاط الاقتصادي وعجز الميزانية وهو ما يخالف فرضية الورقة. وأناقش في تعليقي على الورقة أن ظاهرة الديون العالمية أصبحت مثيرة للاهتمام وذكرت خلاصة حالة الدين الدولي في العالم وتزايده وتأثيره على اقتصاديات العديد من الدول التي تسدد مديونياتها بالعملات الصعبة، وأن هذا الوضع يجب أن يؤخذ في الاعتبار عند مناقشة تأثير الاقتراض لتمويل العجز في الميزانية الحكومية على النمو الاقتصادي، وأنه يمكن أيضا تحليل هذا التأثير في حالة أن تكون هذه القروض الدولية في شكل الصكوك الإسلامية التي بدأت تغطى حيزا متناميا كأداة لتمويل العجز في ميزانيات بعض الحكومات في دول منظمة التعاون الإسلامي، لكن لكونها ممارسة حديثة فإن هناك حاجة لمرور عدة سنوات يمكن بعدها اختبار العلاقة بينها وبين النمو الاقتصادي ومدى تأثيرها على المتغيرات الرئيسية على المستوى الكلي للاقتصاد.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Zuhair Hafiz, 2019. "Sukuk: A Shariah Compliant Tool for Financing Budget Deficits الصكوك: أداة متوافقة مع الشريعة لتمويل العجز في الميزانية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(1), pages 119-124, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:32:y:2019:i:1:no:9:p:119-124
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.32-1.9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ṣukūk; Macroeconomics policy; Foreign borrowing; Budget deficit. صكوك - سياسة الاقتصاد الكلي - الدين الخارجي - عجز الميزانية.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

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