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Desequilibrios Reales En Colombia

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  • Martha Misas Arango
  • Enrique López Enciso

Abstract

La evaluación de los desequilibrios reales, entendida como el examen de la utilización agregada de los recursos, permite un diagnóstico preciso de la fase en que se encuentra una economía en el ciclo económico. De esta forma, pueden determinarse la presencia de presiones inflacionarias, el crecimiento potencial de una economía y la posición estructural de las finanzas del gobierno. Para un banco central el primer motivo resulta de particular interés: la inflación es sensible al ciclo de actividad a través de las tensiones que se refuerzan o disminuyen sobre los mercados de bienes y de trabajo. Dichas consideraciones llevan a decisiones sustanciales de política monetaria. El examen de los desequilibrios reales se efectúa tradicionalmente a partir de la determinación del producto potencial y de la brecha que lo separa de la producción corriente, (GAP). Diferentes medidas del desequilibrio real permiten hacer inferencia acerca de la estructura de la economía a partir del análisis de los movimientos comunes de éstas y de sus respuestas ante diferentes tipos de “shocks” . El objetivo de este documento es proveer, a partir de la utilización de un único sistema vectorial autorregresivo estructural (SVAR), dos indicadores de la posición actual de la economía colombiana en el ciclo, el GAP de producto y el de desempleo. El documento contiene siete secciones incluida esta introducción. En la segunda se presenta una reflexión metodológica sobre el concepto de brecha de producto junto con un recuento de las diferentes técnicas que existen para el cálculo de ésta, con el fin de ubicar con precisión la metodología que proponemos. La siguiente sección se detiene en el problema de identificación del VAR estructural, teniendo en cuenta que es una de las dificultades de fondo que se debe superar para llevar a cabo este trabajo. En la cuarta sección se muestra en detalle la metodología SVAR utilizada y en la siguiente los resultados. Una visión de conjunto de los desequilibrios reales se consigna en la sexta sección. La última concluye.

Suggested Citation

  • Martha Misas Arango & Enrique López Enciso, 0000. "Desequilibrios Reales En Colombia," Borradores de Economia 2291, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:002291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Eduardo Arango & IREGUI, Ana María & MELO, Luis F., 2006. "Recent macroeconomic performance in colombia: what went wrong?," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, June.
    2. Jorge Iván RODRIGUEZ MUNOZ & Juan Ricardo PERILLA JIMENEZ & José Daniel REYES PEÑA, 2004. "Cálculo del PIB Potencial en Colombia.:1970-2003," Archivos de Economía 2078, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    3. Luis Eduardo Arango & Ana María Iregui & Luis Fernando Melo, 2003. "Recent Behavior of Output, Unemployment, Wages and Prices in Colombia:What went Wrong?," Borradores de Economia 249, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Carlos Esteban Posada, 2002. "Modelos de crecimiento y estilos de desarrollo: varias precisiones y una conjetura," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, June.
    5. Eduardo Wiesner, 2008. "The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in Latin America," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12913.
    6. Acevedo Rueda, Rafael Alexis & Mora Mora, José U. & Harmath Fernández, Pedro Alexander, 2012. "La brecha del producto y el producto potencial en Venezuela: una estimación SVAR [Output Gap and Potential GDP in Venezuela: A SVAR Estimation]," MPRA Paper 58691, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2013.

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    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand

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