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Projection-Based Statistical Inference in Linear Structural Models with Possibly Weak Instruments

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Jean-Marie Dufour ()
Mohamed Taamouti

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Abstract

It is well known that standard asymptotic theory is not valid or is extremely unreliable in models with identification problems or weak instruments [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Staiger and Stock (1997, Econometrica), Wang and Zivot (1998, Econometrica), Stock and Wright (2000, Econometrica), Dufour and Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. One possible way out consists here in using a variant of the Anderson-Rubin (1949, Ann. Math. Stat.) procedure. The latter, however, allows one to build exact tests and confidence sets only for the full vector of the coefficients of the endogenous explanatory variables in a structural equation, which in general does not allow for individual coefficients. This problem may in principle be overcome by using projection techniques [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Dufour and Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. Artypes are emphasized because they are robust to both weak instruments and instrument exclusion.
However, these techniques can be implemented only by using costly numerical techniques. In this paper, we provide a complete analytic solution to the problem of building projection-based confidence sets from Anderson-Rubin-type confidence sets. The latter involves the geometric properties of "quadrics" and can be viewed as an extension of usual confidence intervals and ellipsoids. Only least squares techniques are required for building the confidence intervals. We also study by simulation how "conservative" projection-based confidence sets are. Finally, we illustrate the methods proposed by applying them to three different examples: the relationship between trade and growth in a cross-section of countries, returns to education, and a study of production functions in the U.S. economy.

L'une des questions les plus étudiées récemment en économétrie est celle des modèles présentant des problèmes de quasi non-identification ou d'instruments faibles. L'une des conséquences importantes de ce problème est la non validité de la théorie asymptotique standard [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Staiger et Stock (1997, Econometrica), Wang et Zivot (1998, Econometrica), Stock et Wright (2000, Econometrica), Dufour et Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. Le défi majeur dans ce cas consiste à trouver des méthodes d'inférence robustes à ce problème. Une solution possible consiste à utiliser la statistique d'Anderson-Rubin (1949, Ann. Math. Stat.). Nous mettons l'emphase sur les procédures de type Anderson-Rubin, car celles-ci sont robustes tant à la présence d'instruments faibles et à l'exclusion d'instruments. Cette dernière ne fournit cependant des tests exacts que pour les hypothèses spécifiant le vecteur entier des coefficients des variables endogènes dans un modèle structurel, et de façon correspondante, que des régions de confiance simultanées pour ces coefficients. Elle ne permet pas de tester des hypothèses spécifiant des coefficients individuels ou sur des transformations de ces coefficients. Ce problème peut être résolu en principe par des techniques de projection [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Dufour et Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. Cependant , ces techniques ne sont pas toujours faciles à appliquer et requièrent en général l'emploi de méthodes numériques.
Dans ce texte, nous proposons une solution explicite complète au problème de la construction de régions de confiance par projection basées sur des statistiques de type Anderson-Rubin. Cette solution exploite les propriétés géométriques des "quadriques" et peut s'interpréter comme une extension des intervalles et ellipsoïdes de confiance usuels. Le calcul de ces régions ne requièrent que des techniques de moindres carrés. Nous étudions également par simulation le degré de conservatisme des régions de confiance obtenues par projection. Enfin, nous illustrons les méthodes proposées par trois applications différentes: la relation entre l'ouverture commerciale et la croissance, le rendement de l'éducation et une étude sur les rendement d'échelles dans l'économie américaine.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2003s-39.

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Date of creation: 01 May 2003
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2003s-39

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Keywords: Simultaneous equations; structural model; instrumental variable; weak instrument; confidence interval; testing; projection; simultaneous inference; exact inference; asymptotic theory; équations simultanées ; modèle structurel ; variable instrumentale; instruments faibles; intervalle de confiance ; test ; projection ; inférence simultanée ; inférence exacte; théorie asymptotique;

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  1. Mehmet Caner, 2005. "Boundedly Pivotal Structural Change Tests in Continuous Updating GMM with Strong, Weak Identification and Completely Unidentified Cases," Econometrics 0509016, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Denis Bolduc & Lynda Khalaf & Clément Yélou, 2005. "Identification Robust Confidence Sets Methods for Inference on Parameter Ratios and their Application to Estimating Value-of-Time," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 48, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Aviv Nevo & Adam M. Rosen, 2008. "Identification with Imperfect Instruments," NBER Working Papers 14434, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Jean-Marie Dufour & Lynda Khalaf & Maral Kichian, 2005. "Inflation Dynamics and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve: an Identification Robust Econometric Analysis," CIRANO Working Papers 2005s-30, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Jean-Marie Dufour & Lynda Khalaf & Maral Kichian, 2009. "Structural Inflation Models with Real Wage Rigidities: The Case of Canada," Working Papers 09-21, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  6. Eric Zivot & Saraswata Chaudhuri, 2008. "A Comment on Weak Instrument Robust Tests in GMM and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve," Working Papers UWEC-2008-23, University of Washington, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Saraswata Chaudhuri & Eric Zivot, 2008. "A new method of projection-based inference in GMM with weakly identified nuisance parameters," Working Papers UWEC-2008-26, University of Washington, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  8. Yilmazkuday, Hakan, 2009. "Is there a Role for International Trade Costs in Explaining the Central Bank Behavior?," MPRA Paper 15951, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  9. James M. Nason & Gregor W. Smith, 2008. "Identifying the new Keynesian Phillips curve," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(5), pages 525-551. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Richard Startz & Charles Nelson & Eric Zivot, 1999. "Improved Inference for the Instrumental Variable Estimator," Working Papers 0039, University of Washington, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Jean-Marie Dufour & Abderrahim Taamouti, 2008. "Exact optimal and adaptive inference in regression models under heteroskedasticity and non-normality of unknown forms," Economics Working Papers we086027, Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economía. [Downloadable!]
  12. Khalaf, Lynda & Kichian, Maral, 2003. "Are New Keynesian Phillips Curved Identified?," Cahiers de recherche 0312, GREEN. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  13. Donald W.K. Andrews & James H. Stock, 2005. "Inference with Weak Instruments," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1530, Cowles Foundation, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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