IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/ecb/ecbwps/20202351.html

Tiered CBDC and the financial system

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2023. "Private bank money vs central bank money: A historical lesson for CBDC introduction," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  2. Umar, Muhammad & Shahzad, Fakhar & Iqbal, Amjad & Tong, Fanghua, 2024. "Does institutional quality matter for central bank digital currency adoption?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 378-389.
  3. Van Roosebeke, Bert & Defina, Ryan, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Review of Operating Models and Design Issues," MPRA Paper 116240, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  4. Bindseil, Ulrich & Pantelopoulos, George, 2022. "A brief history of payment netting and settlement," IBF Paper Series 02-22, IBF – Institut für Bank- und Finanzgeschichte / Institute for Banking and Financial History, Frankfurt am Main.
  5. Manuel Walz & Matthias Neuenkirch, 2021. "Der Digitale Euro: Ein Zahlungsmittel für die Zukunft?," Research Papers in Economics 2021-05, University of Trier, Department of Economics.
  6. Sarah Allen & Srđjan Čapkun & Ittay Eyal & Giulia Fanti & Bryan A. Ford & James Grimmelmann & Ari Juels & Kari Kostiainen & Sarah Meiklejohn & Andrew Miller & Eswar Prasad & Karl Wüst & Fan Zhang, 2020. "Design Choices for Central Bank Digital Currency: Policy and Technical Considerations," NBER Working Papers 27634, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  7. Dirk Niepelt, 2020. "Monetary Policy with Reserves and CBDC: Optimality, Equivalence, and Politics," Working Papers 20.05, Swiss National Bank, Study Center Gerzensee.
  8. Martin Brown & Nicole Hentschel & Hannes Mettler & Helmut Stix, 2020. "Financial Innovation, Payment Choice and Cash Demand – Causal Evidence from the Staggered Introduction of Contactless Debit Cards (Martin Brown,Nicole Hentschel, Hannes Mettler, Helmut Stix)," Working Papers 230, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
  9. Dionysopoulos, Lambis & Marra, Miriam & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Central bank digital currencies: A critical review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  10. Castrén, Olli & Kavonius, Ilja Kristian & Rancan, Michela, 2022. "Digital currencies in financial networks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  11. Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Irfan, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Macro-financial implications of central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  12. Erik Feyen & Jon Frost & Harish Natarajan & Tara Rice, 2021. "What Does Digital Money Mean for Emerging Market and Developing Economies?," Springer Books, in: Raghavendra Rau & Robert Wardrop & Luigi Zingales (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Technological Finance, pages 217-241, Springer.
  13. León Carlos & Moreno Jose F. & Soramäki Kimmo, 2025. "Simulating the Adoption of a Retail CBDC," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 245(4-5), pages 401-433.
  14. Mikolai Gütschow & Bernd Lucke, 2026. "The proposed design of the digital euro: A critical analysis," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-26, March.
  15. Frank van der Horst & Anneloes van Gent, 2025. "The offline digital euro and holding limits: a user-centred approach," Occasional Studies 2502, DNB.
  16. Giuseppe Gurrado & Donato Masciandaro, 2025. "Stablecoins vs CBDCs: the Digital Money Race in the Scientific and Social Networks," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 25254, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
  17. Geoffrey Goodell & Hazem Danny Al-Nakib & Paolo Tasca, 2021. "A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, May.
  18. Hess, Simon, 2025. "What Difference Does Central Bank Digital Currency Make? Insights from an Agent-based Model," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 171, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
  19. Ferry Syarifuddin & Toni Bakhtiar, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Effects of an Interest-Bearing CBDC: A DSGE Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-33, May.
  20. Eun Young Oh & Shuonan Zhang, 2022. "Informal economy and central bank digital currency," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(4), pages 1520-1539, October.
  21. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polania & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail CBDC," Borradores de Economia 1247, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  22. Elena D. Dzhaokhadze & Elena V. Sinelnikova-Muryleva, 2025. "Factors and Consequences of the Distribution of retail Central Banks Digital Currencies: Global Experience and Conclusions for the Digital Ruble," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 24(2), pages 685-713.
  23. Emanuele Urbinati & Alessia Belsito & Daniele Cani & Angela Caporrini & Marco Capotosto & Simone Folino & Giuseppe Galano & Giancarlo Goretti & Gabriele Marcelli & Pietro Tiberi & Alessia Vita, 2021. "A digital euro: a contribution to the discussion on technical design choices," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems) 10, Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System.
  24. Dirk Niepelt, 2024. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 2505-2552, August.
  25. Jan Schwiderowski & Asger Balle Pedersen & Roman Beck, 2024. "Crypto Tokens and Token Systems," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 319-332, February.
  26. Van Roosebeke, Bert & Defina, Ryan, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: The Motivation," MPRA Paper 111006, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  27. Bindseil, Ulrich & Pantelopoulos, George, 2022. "Towards the holy grail of cross-border payments," Working Paper Series 2693, European Central Bank.
  28. Toshiko Matsui & Daniel Perez, 2021. "Data-driven analysis of central bank digital currency (CBDC) projects drivers," Papers 2102.11807, arXiv.org.
  29. Bindseil, Ulrich & Senner, Richard, 2024. "Macroeconomic modelling of CBDC: a critical review," Working Paper Series 2978, European Central Bank.
  30. Richard K. Lyons & Ganesh Viswanath-Natraj, 2020. "What Keeps Stablecoins Stable?," NBER Working Papers 27136, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  31. Keister, Todd & Monnet, Cyril, 2022. "Central bank digital currency: Stability and information," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  32. David Chaum & Christian Grothoff & Thomas Moser, 2021. "How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency," Papers 2103.00254, arXiv.org.
  33. Temperini, Jacopo & D'Ippoliti, Carlo & Gobbi, Lucio, 2024. "Is the time ripe for helicopter money? Growth impact and financial stability risks of outright monetary transfers," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 24-36.
  34. Ameen Omar Shareef & K.P. Prabheesh, 2022. "Does International Monetary Policy Influence the Bank Risk? Evidence from India," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 25(2), pages 135-154, August.
  35. M'bakob, Gilles Brice & Tchounga, Anatole, 2024. "CBDC and banking stability: Modeling cascading effects on reserves, lending, and liquidity," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(4).
  36. Ozili, Peterson K, 2024. "Artificial intelligence and central bank digital currency," MPRA Paper 121567, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  37. Grym, Aleksi, 2020. "Lessons learned from the world's first CBDC," BoF Economics Review 8/2020, Bank of Finland.
  38. Romain Baeriswyl & Samuel Reynard & Alexandre Swoboda, 2024. "Retail CBDC purposes and risk transfers to the central bank," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 160(1), pages 1-15, December.
  39. Peterson K. Ozili, 2025. "How Politics Hinder Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Development and What to Do about It," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 14(1), pages 59-74.
  40. Carlos Viñuela & Juan Sapena & Gonzalo Wandosell, 2020. "The Future of Money and the Central Bank Digital Currency Dilemma," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-22, November.
  41. Tercero-Lucas, David, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies and financial stability in a modern monetary system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  42. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," CEPR Discussion Papers 18222, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  43. Shalva Mkhatrishvili & Wim Boonstra, 2022. "What we know on Central Bank Digital Currencies (so far)," NBG Working Papers 01/2022, National Bank of Georgia.
  44. Krüger, Nicolai & Busche, Jan, 2023. "Towards acceptance criteria for a digital euro," IU Discussion Papers - IT & Engineering 2 (Juli 2023), IU International University of Applied Sciences.
  45. Dong, Mei & Xiao, Sylvia Xiaolin, 2024. "Idle liquidity, CBDC and banking," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  46. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Central bank digital currency and bank earnings management using loan loss provisions," MPRA Paper 116412, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  47. Huibers Fred, 2024. "Distributed Ledger Technology and the Future of Money and Banking: Banking is Necessary, Banks Are Not. Bill Gates 1994," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, vol. 14(2), pages 213-249, May.
  48. Manuel Klein & Jonas Groß & Philipp Sandner, 2020. "Der digitale Blockchain-Euro: Sind Central Bank Digital Currencies die Zukunft?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 73(03), pages 39-47, March.
  49. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polanía & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 53, pages 151-177.
  50. Thitima Chucherd & Chanokkarn Mek-yong & Nalin Nookhwun & Passawuth Nuntnarumit & Natta Piyakarnchana & Suparit Suwanik, 2021. "Monetary and Financial Perspectives on Retail CBDC in the Thai Context," PIER Discussion Papers 152, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
  51. Vollmar, Steffen & Wening, Fabian, 2024. "The impact of CBDC on a deposit-dependent banking system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  52. Jacopo Temperini & Marcella Corsi, 2023. "Democratizing money? The role of cryptocurrencies," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, vol. 76(304), pages 51-66.
  53. Sebastian Infante & Kyungmin Kim & Anna Orlik & André F. Silva & Robert J. Tetlow, 2023. "Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: Implications for Banking and Financial Stability," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-072, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  54. Makoto Saito, 2021. "Central Bank Cryptocurrencies in a Competitive Equilibrium Environment: Can Strong Money Demand Survive in the Digital Age?," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, in: Strong Money Demand in Financing War and Peace, pages 161-189, Springer.
  55. Peterson K. Ozili, 2024. "Central bank digital currency, economic growth and inflation," Journal of Money and Business, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(1), pages 73-90, May.
  56. Volker Brühl, 2026. "The potential impact of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) on the banking sector: the case of a digital euro," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 16(1), pages 215-240, March.
  57. Schiller, Jonathan & Gross, Jonas, 2021. "A Model for Central Bank Digital Currencies: Implications for Bank Funding and Monetary Policy," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242350, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  58. Luzie Thiel & Jochen Michaelis, 2023. "Digitales Zentralbankgeld: Warum wagt niemand den ersten Schritt?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 92(3), pages 5-8.
  59. Christopher J. Gust & Kyungmin Kim & Romina Ruprecht, 2023. "The Effects of CBDC on the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-068, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  60. Boris Hofmann & Xiaorui Tang & Feng Zhu, 2025. "Central bank and media sentiment on central bank digital currency: an international perspective," BIS Working Papers 1279, Bank for International Settlements.
  61. Rizwan, Muhammad Suhail & Ahmad, Ghufran & Qureshi, Anum, 2025. "Central bank digital currency and systemic risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  62. Becker, Hendrik, 2026. "CBDC demand simulation across high and low inflation regimes," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
  63. Friedrich Thießen, 2021. "Digitaler Euro: Funktionsweise und kritische Würdigung [The Digital Euro: Functionality and Critical Appraisal]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 101(7), pages 529-535, July.
  64. Azzone, Michele & Barucci, Emilio, 2023. "Evaluation of sight deposits and central bank digital currency," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  65. Alberto Di Iorio & Anneke Kosse & Ilaria Mattei, 2024. "Embracing diversity, advancing together - results of the 2023 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 147, May.
  66. Max Fuchs, 2022. "CBDC as Competitor for Bank Deposits and Cryptocurrencies," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202210, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
  67. Barrdear, John & Kumhof, Michael, 2022. "The macroeconomics of central bank digital currencies," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  68. Hanin Khawaja, 2025. "Beyond Singularity and Multipolarity: Functional Fragmentation in the International Monetary System," Working Papers 2514, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
  69. Ilya N. Gurov & Ivan V. Devyatov, 2025. "Digital Ruble: What Awaits Consumers of Financial Services?," Population and Economics, ARPHA Platform, vol. 9(3), pages 173-197, October.
  70. Chen, Hongyi & Siklos, Pierre L., 2022. "Central bank digital currency: A review and some macro-financial implications," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  71. Kumhof, Michael & Noone, Clare, 2021. "Central bank digital currencies — Design principles for financial stability," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 553-572.
  72. Assen Slim, 2022. "MDBC e-hryvnia: Zentralbankgeld in Planung [The e-Hryvnia CBDC: a Central Bank Currency in Project]," Post-Print hal-03937410, HAL.
  73. Toni Ahner & Katrin Assenmacher & Peter Hoffmann & Agnese Leonello & Cyril Monnet & Davide Porcellacchia, 2024. "The Economics of Central Bank Digital Currency," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 20(4), pages 221-274, October.
  74. Philipp Sandner & Jonas Groß & Lena Grale, 2021. "Wie steht es um den digitalen Euro?," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 101(3), pages 155-155, March.
  75. Dirk Niepelt, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Monetary Architecture," Diskussionsschriften dp2509, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
  76. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, "undated". "The Coming Battle of Digital Currencies," Applied Economics and Policy Working Paper Series 320020, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
  77. Theodore Pelagidis & Eleftheria Kostika, 2022. "Investigating the role of central banks in the interconnection between financial markets and cryptoassets," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 49(3), pages 481-507, September.
  78. Bian, Wenlong & Ji, Yang & Wang, Peng, 2021. "The crowding-out effect of central bank digital currencies: A simple and generalizable payment portfolio model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
  79. Bibi, Samuele & Canelli, Rosa, 2023. "The interpretation of CBDC within an endogenous money framework," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  80. Martin Brown & Nicole Hentschel & Hannes Mettler & Helmut Stix, 2020. "Financial Innovation, Payment Choice and Cash Demand - Causal Evidence from the Staggered Introduction of Contactless Debit Cards," Working Papers on Finance 2002, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
  81. Nesrine Gafsi, 2025. "The Impact of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) on Global Financial Systems in the G20 Country GVAR Approach," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-21, July.
  82. Ebers, Axel & Thomsen, Stephan L., 2021. "How do warnings affect retail demand for Bitcoin? Evidence from an international survey experiment," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
  83. Beckmann, Lars & Debener, Jörn & Hark, Paul F. & Pfingsten, Andreas, 2024. "CBDC and the shadow of bank disintermediation: US stock market insights on threats and remedies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  84. Gupta, Somya & Pandey, Dharen Kumar & El Ammari, Anis & Sahu, Ganesh P., 2023. "Do perceived risks and benefits impact trust and willingness to adopt CBDCs?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  85. Jaemin Son & Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin & Doojin Ryu, 2022. "Consumer choices under new payment methods," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.
  86. Fan, Rong & Walker, Todd B. & Wright, Allan, 2025. "Central bank digital currency in small open economies," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 6(2).
  87. Christoph Wronka, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and their potential impact on traditional banking and monetary policy: an initial analysis," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 613-641, December.
  88. Central Bank of Argentina, 2022. "Central bank digital currencies in emerging market economies: a view from Latin America," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), CBDCs in emerging market economies, volume 123, pages 23-30, Bank for International Settlements.
  89. Jay Cullen, 2022. "“Economically inefficient and legally untenable”: constitutional limitations on the introduction of central bank digital currencies in the EU," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(1), pages 31-41, March.
  90. Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Mehl, Arnaud & Stracca, Livio, 2022. "Central bank digital currency in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 54-68.
  91. Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Raphael Auer & Tara Rice, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Motives, Economic Implications, and the Research Frontier," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 697-721, August.
  92. Abad, Jorge & Nuño, Galo & Thomas, Carlos, 2025. "CBDC and the operational framework of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
  93. Novi Maryaningsih & Suahasil Nazara & Febrio N. Kacaribu & Solikin M. Juhro, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: What Factors Determine Its Adoption?," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 25(1), pages 1-24, June.
  94. Kjartan Sigurðsson & Grétar Þór Eyþórsson & Helga Kristjánsdóttir, 2023. "Digital Currencies, Swot Analysis," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 9(3).
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.