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An Exploration of the Conceptual and Empirical Basis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

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  1. Makarov, Igor & Alataş, Sedat, 2024. "Production- and consumption-based emissions in carbon exporters and importers: A large panel data analysis for the EKC hypothesis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
  2. Devran Şanlı & Nadide Gülbay Yiğiteli, 2024. "Do economic complexity and macroeconomic stability asymmetrically affect carbon emissions in OECD? Evidence from nonlinear panel ARDL approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 22175-22198, September.
  3. Farhani, Sahbi & Chaibi, Anissa & Rault, Christophe, 2014. "CO2 emissions, output, energy consumption, and trade in Tunisia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 426-434.
  4. Zhang, Xing-Ping & Cheng, Xiao-Mei, 2009. "Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 2706-2712, August.
  5. Chien‐Chiang Lee & Mei‐Ping Chen & Wei Xu, 2022. "Assessing the impacts of formal and informal regulations on ecological footprint," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 989-1017, October.
  6. Muhammad Shahbaz & Avik Sinha, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2emissions: a literature survey," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 106-168, January.
  7. Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik & Sengupta, Tuhin & Qin, Quande, 2020. "How Renewable Energy Consumption Contribute to Environmental Quality? The Role of Education in OECD Countries," MPRA Paper 100259, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 08 May 2020.
  8. Sinha, Avik & Bhattacharya, Joysankar, 2016. "Environmental Kuznets curve estimation for NO2 emission: A case of Indian cities," MPRA Paper 100179, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2016.
  9. Mallick, Hrushikesh & Padhan, Hemachandra & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, 2019. "Does skewed pattern of income distribution matter for the environmental quality? Evidence from selected BRICS economies with an application of Quantile-on-Quantile regression (QQR) approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 120-131.
  10. Don Clark & Alejandro Dellachiesa, 2011. "Cross-country pollution patterns," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(9), pages 799-804.
  11. Zhao, Le & Parhizgari, A.M., 2024. "Climate change, technological innovation, and firm performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 189-203.
  12. Hanbee Lee & Chaneum Park & Haeil Jung, 2024. "The role of tertiary education on CO2 emissions: evidence from 151 countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(12), pages 32081-32103, December.
  13. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: A survey of empirical literature," MPRA Paper 100257, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
  14. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Manh-Tung Ho & Hong-Kong To Nguyen & Minh-Hoang Nguyen, 2019. "The trilemma of sustainable industrial growth: evidence from a piloting OECD’s Green city," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-14, December.
  15. Buhari Doğan & Oana M. Driha & Daniel Balsalobre Lorente & Umer Shahzad, 2021. "The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 1-12, January.
  16. Mohammed Adgheem Alsunousi Adgheem & Göktuğ Tenekeci, 2025. "Investigating the Influence of Renewable Energy Use and Innovative Investments in the Transportation Sector on Environmental Sustainability—A Nonlinear Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-22, May.
  17. Farhani, Sahbi & Mrizak, Sana & Chaibi, Anissa & Rault, Christophe, 2014. "The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainability: A panel data analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 189-198.
  18. Majed Atwi & Ramón Barberán & Jesús Mur & Ana Angulo, 2018. "CO2 Kuznets Curve Revisited: From Cross-Sections to Panel Data Models," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 40, pages 169-196.
  19. Yang, Guangfei & Sun, Tao & Wang, Jianliang & Li, Xianneng, 2015. "Modeling the nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 104-117.
  20. Muhammad Khan, 2020. "CO2 emissions and sustainable economic development: New evidence on the role of human capital," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 1279-1288, September.
  21. Jingxia Chai & Yu Hao & Haitao Wu & Yuemiao Yang, 2021. "Do constraints created by economic growth targets benefit sustainable development? Evidence from China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 4188-4205, December.
  22. Muhammad Khan & Arslan Tariq Rana & Wafa Ghardallou, 2023. "FDI and CO2 emissions in developing countries: the role of human capital," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(1), pages 1125-1155, May.
  23. Park, Soonae & Lee, Youngmi, 2011. "Regional model of EKC for air pollution: Evidence from the Republic of Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5840-5849, October.
  24. Enrico Maria Mosconi & Andrea Colantoni & Filippo Gambella & Eva Cudlinová & Luca Salvati & Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, 2020. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Spatial Interaction between Economy and Territory," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-20, September.
  25. Giovanis, Eleftherios, 2013. "Environmental Kuznets curve: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 602-611.
  26. Sinha, Avik & Bhattacharya, Joysankar, 2014. "Is Economic Liberalization causing Environmental Degradation in India? An Analysis of Interventions," MPRA Paper 102262, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2014.
  27. Joel Alejandro Rosado Anastacio, 2017. "Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions and Electric Consumption: Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve? An Empirical Study for North America Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(2), pages 65-71.
  28. Khalid M. Kisswani, 2024. "Testing the effect of electricity consumption on CO2 levels in Kuwait: linear vs. non-linear analysis," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 26(2), pages 325-348, April.
  29. Sinha, Avik & Sengupta, Tuhin, 2019. "Impact of Energy Mix on Nitrous Oxide Emissions: An Environmental Kuznets Curve approach for APEC countries," MPRA Paper 100091, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  30. Caviglia-Harris, Jill L. & Chambers, Dustin & Kahn, James R., 2009. "Taking the "U" out of Kuznets: A comprehensive analysis of the EKC and environmental degradation," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 1149-1159, February.
  31. Abdulkadir Bulut & Nazmiye Tekdemir, 2025. "The Inverted N-Shaped Relationship Between Economic Growth And Co2 Emissions: Evidence From Oecd Countries," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 70(244), pages 7-33, January –.
  32. Bright Akwasi Gyamfi & Stephen Taiwo Onifade & Elvis Kwame Ofori, 2023. "Synthesizing the impacts of information and communication technology advancement and educational developments on environmental sustainability: A comparative analyses of three economic blocs—BRICS, MINT, and G7 economies," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 744-759, April.
  33. Pandelis Mitsis, 2012. "Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Carbon Dioxide Emissions?," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 16-2012, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
  34. Pedro Henrique Batista de Barros & Alysson Luiz Stege, 2019. "Deforestation and human development in the Brazilian agricultural frontier: an environmental Kuznets curve for MATOPIBA," Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, Associação Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos (ABER), vol. 13(2), pages 161-182.
  35. Marzio Galeotti, 2007. "Economic Growth And The Quality Of The Environment: Taking Stock," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 427-454, November.
  36. Ye Duan & Hailin Mu & Nan Li, 2016. "Analysis of the Relationship between China’s IPPU CO 2 Emissions and the Industrial Economic Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-19, April.
  37. Tiba, Sofien & Frikha, Mohamed, 2019. "The controversy of the resource curse and the environment in the SDGs background: The African context," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 437-452.
  38. Heri Bezić & Davor Mance & Davorin Balaž, 2022. "Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO 2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, October.
  39. Güngör Turan, 2026. "Advancing Sustainable Development with Enhancing the Quality of the Environment: The Role of Human Resources Through Education Expansion and Technological Innovation in Türkiye," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 17(1), pages 2378-2407, February.
  40. Balaguer, Jacint & Cantavella, Manuel, 2018. "The role of education in the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Evidence from Australian data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 289-296.
  41. E. Somanathan, 2010. "Effects of Information on Environmental Quality in Developing Countries," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 4(2), pages 275-292, Summer.
  42. Ourvashi Bissoon, 2018. "A modified EKC for sustainability assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data analysis," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 51-68,69-83.
  43. Alam, Mohammad Jahangir & Begum, Ismat Ara & Buysse, Jeroen & Rahman, Sanzidur & Van Huylenbroeck, Guido, 2011. "Dynamic modeling of causal relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3243-3251, August.
  44. Sebri, Maamar, 2009. "La Zone Méditerranéenne Face à la Pollution de L’air : Une Investigation Econométrique [The Mediterranean Zone in front of Air pollution: an Econometric Investigation]," MPRA Paper 32382, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  45. MUTASCU Mihai & PEREAU Jean-Christophe & URSU Eugen, 2016. "A Wavelet Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in France," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2016-10, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
  46. Nepal, Rabindra & Paija, Nirash, 2019. "A multivariate time series analysis of energy consumption, real output and pollutant emissions in a developing economy: New evidence from Nepal," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 164-173.
  47. Chun Liu & Gui-hua Nie, 2021. "Identifying the Driving Factors of Food Nitrogen Footprint in China, 2000–2018: Econometric Analysis of Provincial Spatial Panel Data by the STIRPAT Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, May.
  48. Nektarios Aslanidis, 2009. "Environmental Kuznets Curves for Carbon Emissions: A Critical Survey," Working Papers 2009.75, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
  49. Chenghua Guan & Peijin Yang & Huitong Yang & Jie Zhang, 2024. "Is the Genuine Progress Indicator a Better Policy Goal for Sustainable Development? An Empirical Study Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 171(1), pages 47-86, January.
  50. Martin Neve & Bertrand Hamaide, 2017. "Environmental Kuznets Curve with Adjusted Net Savings as a Trade-Off Between Environment and Development," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 39-58, March.
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  52. Tiba, Sofien & Omri, Anis, 2017. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1129-1146.
  53. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sbia, Rashid & Hamdi, Helmi, 2013. "The Environmental cost of Skiing in the Desert? Evidence from Cointegration with unknown Structural breaks in UAE," MPRA Paper 48007, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 03 Jul 2013.
  54. Faridul, Islam & Muhammad, Shahbaz, 2012. "Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Bangladesh?," MPRA Paper 38490, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Apr 2012.
  55. Sinha, Avik & Bhattacharya, Joysankar, 2017. "Estimation of environmental Kuznets curve for SO2 emission: A case of Indian cities," MPRA Paper 100009, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  56. Costantini, Valeria & Monni, Salvatore, 2008. "Environment, human development and economic growth," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(4), pages 867-880, February.
  57. Galeotti, Marzio & Lanza, Alessandro & Pauli, Francesco, 2006. "Reassessing the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A robustness exercise," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 152-163, April.
  58. Sari, Ramazan & Soytas, Ugur, 2009. "Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from five OPEC countries?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 1887-1893, October.
  59. Xiaoyu Li & Lan Xu, 2021. "Human development associated with environmental quality in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, February.
  60. Esmaeili, Abdoulkarim & Abdollahzadeh, Negar, 2009. "Oil exploitation and the environmental Kuznets curve," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 371-374, January.
  61. Yandle, B. & Bhattarai, M. & Vijayaraghavan, M., 2004. "Environmental Kuznets Curves: a review of findings, methods, and policy implications. PERC Research study 02-1 update," IWMI Research Reports H044740, International Water Management Institute.
  62. Danesh Miah, Md. & Farhad Hossain Masum, Md. & Koike, Masao, 2010. "Global observation of EKC hypothesis for CO2, SOx and NOx emission: A policy understanding for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 4643-4651, August.
  63. Tang, Chor Foon & Abosedra, Salah & Naghavi, Navaz, 2021. "Does the quality of institutions and education strengthen the quality of the environment? Evidence from a global perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
  64. Meng-Ting Chen & Shiyan Zhang & Jiakai Zhang, 2024. "Carbon emissions from the perspective of regional competition: evidence from China’s low-carbon city policy," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 73(2), pages 467-491, August.
  65. Jiazheng Yu & Abdul Majeed & Yiran Liu, 2025. "Rethinking Foreign Direct Investment’s Role in Sustainable Development: Insights from the E-7 Economies Using Advanced Panel Data Methodologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-18, April.
  66. Mohsen Mehrara, 2011. "Pollution, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: evidence from India, China and Brazil," Journal of Social and Development Sciences, AMH International, vol. 2(5), pages 233-242.
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  68. Pascalau, Razvan & Qirjo, Dhimitri, 2017. "TTIP and the Environmental Kuznets Curve," MPRA Paper 80192, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  69. Kijima, Masaaki & Nishide, Katsumasa & Ohyama, Atsuyuki, 2010. "Economic models for the environmental Kuznets curve: A survey," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1187-1201, July.
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