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Who is afraid of AI? Who should be?

Author

Listed:
  • Engberg, Erik
  • Görg, Holger
  • Hellsten, Mark
  • Javed, Farrukh
  • Lodefalk, Magnus
  • Längkvist, Martin
  • Monteiro, Natália Pimenta
  • Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik
  • Pulito, Giuseppe
  • Schroeder, Sarah
  • Tang, Aili

Abstract

• Occupations that are highly cognitive, non-physical, and low in social interaction - typically higher-skill white-collar roles such as data analysts, software developers, and translators - turn out to be highly AI-exposed • Occupations requiring manual dexterity or intensive interpersonal contact - such as construction labourers or nursing aides - remain among the least exposed to current AI technologies • Aggregate occupational exposure to AI has risen markedly since 2010, with especially rapid gains in the late 2010s and early 2020s • Our baseline estimates show no detectable effect of AI exposure on total firm employment, while it is associated with clear skill upgrading

Suggested Citation

  • Engberg, Erik & Görg, Holger & Hellsten, Mark & Javed, Farrukh & Lodefalk, Magnus & Längkvist, Martin & Monteiro, Natália Pimenta & Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik & Pulito, Giuseppe & Schroeder, Sarah & Tang, 2026. "Who is afraid of AI? Who should be?," Kiel Policy Briefs 198, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:336753
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    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • N34 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: 1913-
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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