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Occupational cognitive complexity and episodic memory in old age

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  • Sörman, Daniel Eriksson
  • Stenling, Andreas
  • Sundström, Anna
  • Rönnlund, Michael
  • Vega-Mendoza, Mariana
  • Hansson, Patrik
  • Ljungberg, Jessica K.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate occupational cognitive complexity of main lifetime occupation in relation to level and 15-year change in episodic memory recall in a sample of older adults (≥ 65 years, n = 780). We used latent growth curve modelling with occupational cognitive complexity (O*NET indicators) as independent variable. Subgroup analyses in a sample of middle-aged (mean: 49.9 years) men (n = 260) were additionally performed to investigate if a general cognitive ability (g) factor at age 18 was predictive of future occupational cognitive complexity and cognitive performance in midlife. For the older sample, a higher level of occupational cognitive complexity was related to a higher level of episodic recall (β = 0.15, p < .001), but the association with rate of change (β = 0.03, p = .64) was not statistically significant. In the middle-aged sample, g at age 18 was both directly (β = 0.19, p = .01) and indirectly (via years of education after age 18, ab = 0.19) predictive of midlife levels of occupational cognitive complexity. Cognitive ability at age 18 was also a direct predictor of midlife episodic recall (β = 0.60, p ≤ 0.001). Critically, entry of the early adult g factor attenuated the association between occupational complexity and cognitive level (from β = 0.21, p = .01 to β = 0.12, p = .14). Overall, our results support a pattern of preserved differentiation from early to late adulthood for individuals with different histories of occupational complexity.

Suggested Citation

  • Sörman, Daniel Eriksson & Stenling, Andreas & Sundström, Anna & Rönnlund, Michael & Vega-Mendoza, Mariana & Hansson, Patrik & Ljungberg, Jessica K., 2021. "Occupational cognitive complexity and episodic memory in old age," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:89:y:2021:i:c:s0160289621000829
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101598
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aleksej Bukov & Ineke Maas & Thomas Lampert, 2002. "Social Participation in Very Old Age," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 57(6), pages 510-517.
    2. Handel, Michael J., 2016. "The O-NET content model: strengths and limitations," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 49(2), pages 157-176.
    3. Ian J. Deary & W. David Hill & Catharine R. Gale, 2021. "Intelligence, health and death," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 416-430, April.
    4. Handel, Michael J., 2016. "The O-NET content model: strengths and limitations," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 49(2), pages 157-176.
    5. Ross Andel & Deborah Finkel & Nancy L. Pedersen, 2016. "Effects of Preretirement Work Complexity and Postretirement Leisure Activity on Cognitive Aging," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(5), pages 849-856.
    6. Sara Pudas & Michael Rönnlund & Angela Gutchess, 2019. "School Performance and Educational Attainment as Early-Life Predictors of Age-Related Memory Decline: Protective Influences in Later-Born Cohorts," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 74(8), pages 1356-1365.
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