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Schlüsseltechnologien der Digitalisierung und ihre Effekte auf die Außenwirtschaft

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  • Dachs, Bernhard

Abstract

Neue technologische Entwicklungen wie die Eisenbahn oder das Telefon haben dem Welthandel in der Vergangenheit immer wieder entscheidende Impulse gegeben. Heute erlebt die Weltwirtschaft mit der Digitalisierung wieder einen solchen Umbruch. Industrie 4.0, künstliche Intelligenz, Blockchains oder additive Fertigungsverfahren (3D-Druck) finden zunehmend in der Wirtschaft Verbreitung. Wir können von der Digitalisierung insgesamt positive Effekte für den Außenhandel erwarten: geringere Informations- und Transaktionskosten und bessere Möglichkeiten zur Koordination sollten den Welthandel insgesamt fördern. Insbesondere im internationalen Handel mit Dienstleistungen lassen neue Technologien positive Effekte durch Automatisierung und eine bessere Handelbarkeit erwarten. Die Digitalisierung kann zu einer stärkeren internationalen Arbeitsteilung und zu einem höheren Grad an Spezialisierung einzelner Länder in Wertschöpfungsketten führen. Die beschriebenen Trends bieten deshalb Chancen für Österreichs Wirtschaft. Verschiedene digitale Technologien könnten allerdings auch eine de-globalisierende Wirkung entfalten, indem sie lokale Produktionsketten und die Re-Integration von Produktionsschritten an einem Ort wieder wirtschaftlich attraktiver machen.

Suggested Citation

  • Dachs, Bernhard, 2018. "Schlüsseltechnologien der Digitalisierung und ihre Effekte auf die Außenwirtschaft," FIW Policy Brief series 041, FIW.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsr:pbrief:y:2018:i:041
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Klaus Weyerstraß, 2018. "Entwicklung, Determinanten und Bedeutung der totalen Faktorproduktivität," FIW Policy Brief series 038, FIW.
    2. Marcel P. Timmer & Abdul Azeez Erumban & Bart Los & Robert Stehrer & Gaaitzen J. de Vries, 2014. "Slicing Up Global Value Chains," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(2), pages 99-118, Spring.
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    1. Michael Peneder & Matthias Firgo & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Digitalisierung in Österreich: eine Standortbestimmung," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(6), pages 447-457, June.
    2. Michael Peneder & Matthias Firgo & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Stand der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61654, April.

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