IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpla/0406002.html

Reform des Sozialstaats in Deutschland und Frankreich: was auf dem Spiel steht (Welfare state policies in France and Germany : what is really at stake ?)

Author

Listed:
  • Arnaud Lechevalier

    (Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin, Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

Abstract

Seit zwei Jahrzehnten wird in Deutschland wie in Frankreich eine Sozialpolitik betrieben, die größtenteils auf einer gemeinsamen Einschätzung der Probleme und Herausforderungen beruht, die sich aus der zunehmenden Alterung der Gesellschaft und dem Druck zu mehr Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Wirtschaftswachstum für die gesetzliche Sozialversicherung ergeben. Die Problemanalyse rechtfertigt die aktuelle Dynamik, mit der die sozialen Sicherungssysteme u. a. auf mehr Privatisierung, mehr Eigenvorsorge und einer zielgenaueren Auswahl von Leistungen ausgerichtet werden. In einer ersten Phase stellt sich zunächst die Frage nach der Stichhaltigkeit der Diagnose, die wir durch diese Problemanalyse erhalten haben. Viele der Reformen beruhen nämlich auf Diagnosen der Herausforderungen, die sich bei näherer Betrachtung als problematisch erweisen. Neue Herausforderungen, die aber zumindest genau wichtig sind, werden in der öffentlichen Debatte weniger systematisch erforscht oder falsch bewertet. Deshalb findet die Reformbewegung, die in beiden Ländern seit einigen Jahren in Gang ist, häufig keine adäquaten Antworten auf die Problemstellungen. Diese neuen Fragen verweisen auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse. In dieser Hinsicht werden in einer zweiten Phase drei Fragen zu untersuchen sein: die Verknüpfung zwischen den Entwicklungen in der EU und der Dynamik der jeweiligen Sozialleistungssysteme, die Wechselwirkung zwischen den Veränderungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und in den Lebensläufen der Menschen einerseits und der Sozialpolitik andererseits, neue Überlegungen hauptsächlich im Rahmen der Rentenreform zur Generationen-gerechtigkeit. Diese Herausforderungen erfordern, in Deutschland noch mehr als in Frankreich, einen neuen welfare mix, der über die Bismarcksche Tradition hinausgeht und neue Grundlagen schafft. English The Welfare State policies which have been followed for two decades in France and Germany are based on a common identification of the problems and challenges that result from the an ageing population and of the pressure to more competitiveness and more flexibility in a context of globalization. This problem analysis justifies the current dynamic of welfare states that aimed at retrenchment, at more contributivity and more selectivity. In a first section we investigate the accuracy of this diagnosis. Many of the reforms rest namely on an analysis of these challenges, which turn out upper closer examination to be problematical. New challenges which are at least so important for the future of social security systems, are however less systematically investigated or wrongly valued in the public debate. Therefore, the reform movement which has been running in both countries for some years often gives frequently no adequate answers to these new challenges, that refer to current social and economic change processes. In this respect three issues are examined in a second section. The first is the increasing impact of the European construction on national economic policy and, therefore, on social security systems. The second deals with the interaction between several changes on the labour market and in family structures, on the one hand, and the social security policy, on the other, in the perspective of the “transitional labor markets”. The third issue concerns new considerations mainly within the framework of the pension reform to intergenerational justice. These issues concern, to a lesser or greater extent, all the “regimes” of advanced welfare states, but the challenges which are associated with them and the answers which can be found differ according to the dominant logic of theses regimes. Through this overview of the French and German cases, it is more generally the question of the necessary adaptation of the – so called –conservative-corporatist regime-type which we will be discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaud Lechevalier, 2004. "Reform des Sozialstaats in Deutschland und Frankreich: was auf dem Spiel steht (Welfare state policies in France and Germany : what is really at stake ?)," Labor and Demography 0406002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpla:0406002
    Note: Type of Document - pdf; pages: 55. Working Paper Centre Marc Bloch
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de/econ-wp/lab/papers/0406/0406002.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Élisabeth Algava & Mathieu Plane, 2001. "Vieillissement et protection sociale. Comparaison de six pays de l'Union Européenne," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 79(4), pages 261-314.
    2. Jeannine Bailliu & Helmut Reisen, 1998. "Do funded pensions contribute to higher aggregate savings? A cross-country analysis," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 134(4), pages 692-711, December.
    3. Alberto Alesina & Ignazio Angeloni & Ludger Schuknecht, 2005. "What does the European Union do?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 123(3), pages 275-319, June.
    4. Arnds, Pascal & Bonin, Holger, 2002. "Arbeitsmarkteffekte und finanzpolitische Folgen der demographischen Alterung in Deutschland," IZA Discussion Papers 667, IZA Network @ LISER.
    5. Alan J. Auerbach & Jagadeesh Gokhale & Laurence J. Kotlikoff, 1994. "Generational Accounting: A Meaningful Way to Evaluate Fiscal Policy," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 73-94, Winter.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ehrentraut, Oliver & Raffelhüschen, Bernd, 2003. "Die Rentenversicherung unter Reformdruck: Ein Drama in drei Akten," Discussion Papers 109, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Finanzwissenschaft.
    2. Ian Tower & Gregorio Impavido, 2009. "How the Financial Crisis Affects Pensions and Insurance and Why the Impacts Matter," IMF Working Papers 2009/151, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Edgardo M. Favaro, 2011. "Using Regional Institutions to Improve the Quality of Public Services," World Bank Publications - Reports 9249, The World Bank Group.
    4. Rigmar Osterkamp & Markus Eller, 2003. "Functional Decentralisation of Government Activity," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 1(03), pages 36-42, February.
    5. Sapir, Andre & Aghion, Philippe & Bertola, Giuseppe & Hellwig, Martin & Pisani-Ferry, Jean & Rosati, Dariusz & Vinals, Jose & Wallace, Helen, 2004. "An Agenda for a Growing Europe: The Sapir Report," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199271498.
    6. Thomas Sommerer & Theresa Squatrito & Jonas Tallberg & Magnus Lundgren, 2022. "Decision-making in international organizations: institutional design and performance," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 815-845, October.
    7. Marco Bassetto, 2009. "The Research Agenda: Marco Bassetto on the Quantitative Evaluation of Fiscal Policy Rules," EconomicDynamics Newsletter, Review of Economic Dynamics, vol. 10(2), April.
    8. Armstrong, Angus & Davis, Philip & Ebell, Monique, 2015. "An economic analysis of pension tax proposals," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 86276, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    9. Raffelhüschen, Bernd & Hagist, Christian & Moog, Stefan & Vatter, Johannes, 2009. "Ehrbare Staaten? Die deutsche Generationenbilanz im internationalen Vergleich," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 107, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    10. Dirk Niepelt, 2020. "Reserves for All? Central Bank Digital Currency, Deposits, and Their (Non)-Equivalence," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(3), pages 211-238, June.
    11. Raffelhüschen, Bernd & Seuffert, Stefan, 2020. "Ehrbarer Staat? Wege und Irrwege der Rentenpolitik im Lichte der Generationenbilanz," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 148, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    12. Charles Ka Yui Leung & Joe Cho Yiu Ng & Edward Tang, 2020. "Why is the Hong Kong Housing Market Unaffordable? Some Stylized Facts and Estimations," Globalization Institute Working Papers 380, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    13. Akin Serife Nuray, 2012. "Immigration, Fiscal Policy, and Welfare in an Aging Population," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 1-45, July.
    14. Martin Larch & João Nogueira Martins, 2007. "Fiscal indicators - Proceedings of the the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Workshop held on 22 September 2006 in Brussels," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 297, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    15. Floriana Cerniglia & Laura Pagani, 2007. "The allocation of competences between the European Union and the Member States: an analysis of the determinants of Europeans’ preferences," Working Papers 118, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised 2007.
    16. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Andreas Kyriacou, 2009. "Decision rules, membership and political centralization in the European Union," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 143-158, April.
    18. Klaus Beckmann, 2000. "A Note on the Tax Rate implicit in Contributions to Pay-as-you-go Public Pension Systems," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 57(1), pages 63-76, September.
    19. Mechthild Schrooten & Sabine Stephan, 2005. "Private savings and transition," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 13(2), pages 287-309, April.
    20. Raffelhüschen, Bernd, 2001. "Generational accounting: Quo vadis?," Discussion Papers 95, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Finanzwissenschaft.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • P59 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Other

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpla:0406002. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: EconWPA The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask EconWPA to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://econwpa.ub.uni-muenchen.de .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.