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Differences in Wealth, Education, and History

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  • Curtis Jr, James E

Abstract

ABSTRACT An understanding of the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms) and their economic consequences on early black Americans provides an informative understanding to the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms), and their economic consequences on other, modern ethnic groups. James Curtis Jr (2017) investigates the link between the social asymmetry and economic asymmetry among early blacks and whites in the United States of America. For the empirical study, James Curtis Jr (2017) uses cross-sectional variables from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS), developed informative conditional ratios, and employed least squares statistical analyses. FINDINGS This study finds that economic differences among ethnic groups, as measured by differences between early blacks and whites, are intertwined with asymmetrical freedoms, leading to statistically insignificant returns to education, as measured by literacy. One might conclude that the individual’s basic protection of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness must proceed any expectations of measured returns to schooling, particularly among individuals in disenfranchised groups. Furthermore, one might propose education policy such that modern higher education investment programs prioritize education entrepreneurs and/or state/social planners with academic research familiarity of differences in wealth. This research is a revision of November 2002, November 2010 and January 2012 working papers. Copyright 2017. James Edward Curtis, Jr. is the President & Research Economist of The James Edward Curtis Jr Education Foundation, Correspond with James Edward Curtis, Jr. at PO Box 3126, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, or phone (202) 739-1962, email jamesjr@jecjef.net Learn more at jecjef.net.

Suggested Citation

  • Curtis Jr, James E, 2017. "Differences in Wealth, Education, and History," MPRA Paper 84818, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:84818
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    10. Curtis Jr, James, 2017. "Essays in Applied Labor Economics," MPRA Paper 84445, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Gore, Christopher D. & Brass, Jennifer N. & Baldwin, Elizabeth & MacLean, Lauren M., 2019. "Political autonomy and resistance in electricity sector liberalization in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 193-209.
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    15. Moghaddam, Mahboobeh & Pearce, Robin H. & Mokhtar, Hamid & Prato, Carlo G., 2020. "A generalised model for container drayage operations with heterogeneous fleet, multi-container sizes and two modes of operation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • N00 - Economic History - - General - - - General

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