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Work from home trends in European countries

Author

Listed:
  • Molina, Jose Alberto
  • Velilla, Jorge

Abstract

This paper analyzes the evolution of working from home across European countries using data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2005–2021). The study documents a substantial increase in working from home, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with notable cross-country and gender differences. It also examines how working from home correlates with individual characteristics such as gender, age, education, employment status, occupation, and household composition. We find that self-employment, digital work intensity, and higher education are consistently associated with greater working from home prevalence. Conversely, public sector employment and full-time contracts are negatively related to working from home.

Suggested Citation

  • Molina, Jose Alberto & Velilla, Jorge, 2025. "Work from home trends in European countries," MPRA Paper 124865, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:124865
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/124865/1/MPRA_paper_124865.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    work from home; remote work; telework; EWCS data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D0 - Microeconomics - - General
    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General

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