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Identification and Forecasting of Bull and Bear Markets using Multivariate Returns

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  • Liu, Jia
  • Maheu, John M
  • Song, Yong

Abstract

Bull and bear market identification generally focuses on a broad index of returns through a univariate analysis. This paper proposes a new approach to identify and forecast bull and bear markets through multivariate returns. The model assumes all assets are directed by a common discrete state variable from a hierarchical Markov switching model. The hierarchical specification allows the cross-section of state specific means and variances to differ over bull and bear markets. We investigate several empirically realistic specifications that permit feasible estimation even with 100 assets. Our results show that the multivariate framework provides competitive bull and bear regime identification and improves portfolio performance and density prediction compared to several benchmark models including univariate Markov switching models.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Jia & Maheu, John M & Song, Yong, 2023. "Identification and Forecasting of Bull and Bear Markets using Multivariate Returns," MPRA Paper 119515, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:119515
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Markov switching; Multivariate analysis; Investment strategies; Market timing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets

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