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Direct and Spillover Effects of Middle School Vaccination Requirements

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  • Christopher S. Carpenter
  • Emily C. Lawler

Abstract

We study the direct and spillover effects of state requirements that middle school youths obtain a tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster prior to middle school entry. These mandates increased vaccine take-up by 29 percent and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence in the population by a much larger 53 percent due to herd immunity effects. We also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates increased adolescent vaccination for meningococcal disease and human papillomavirus (which is responsible for 98 percent of cervical cancers) by 8-34 percent, with particularly large effects for children from low SES households.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher S. Carpenter & Emily C. Lawler, 2017. "Direct and Spillover Effects of Middle School Vaccination Requirements," NBER Working Papers 23107, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Corey White, 2021. "Measuring Social and Externality Benefits of Influenza Vaccination," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 56(3), pages 749-785.
    2. Chelsea J. Richwine & Avi Dor & Ali Moghtaderi, 2019. "Do Stricter Immunization Laws Improve Coverage? Evidence from the Repeal of Non-medical Exemptions for School Mandated Vaccines," NBER Working Papers 25847, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Neilson, William & Xiao, Yancheng, 2018. "Equilibrium vaccination patterns in incomplete and heterogeneous networks," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 174-192.

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    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health

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