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Outlaw Community Innovations

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  • Schulz, Celine
  • Wagner, Stefan

Abstract

Recent studies of outlaw communities provide qualitative evidence of their existence and the organisation of the underlying innovation processes. We provide descriptive results from a large scale survey of two online outlaw communities focussing on Microsoft's XBox. In line with previous findings, we identify two types of participants in outlaw communities - user innovators and adopters. Based on 2,256 responses, we find that users modify their XBox mainly to be able to increase the set of available functions of their XBox. Users are also motivated to modify their XBox for the sake of having fun and to conduct pirate behaviour. Finally, the results from our survey suggest that user innovators are largely intrinsically motivated by fun and the intellectual stimulation of writing code for homebrew software.

Suggested Citation

  • Schulz, Celine & Wagner, Stefan, 2008. "Outlaw Community Innovations," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 4678, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    • Handle: RePEc:lmu:msmdpa:4678
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Josh Lerner & Jean Tirole, 2002. "Some Simple Economics of Open Source," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(2), pages 197-234, June.
    2. Lerner, Josh & Tirole, Jean, 2001. "The open source movement: Key research questions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(4-6), pages 819-826, May.
    3. Bitzer, Jurgen & Schrettl, Wolfram & Schroder, Philipp J.H., 2007. "Intrinsic motivation in open source software development," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 160-169, March.
    4. Schulz, Celine, 2006. "The Secret to Successful User Communities: An Analysis of Computer Associates’ User Groups," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 1257, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    5. Armstrong, J. Scott & Overton, Terry S., 1977. "Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys," MPRA Paper 81694, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Franke, Nikolaus & Shah, Sonali, 2003. "How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 157-178, January.
    7. Flowers, Stephen, 2008. "Harnessing the hackers: The emergence and exploitation of Outlaw Innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 177-193, March.
    8. Dahlander, Linus & Magnusson, Mats G., 2005. "Relationships between open source software companies and communities: Observations from Nordic firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 481-493, May.
    9. Lars Bo Jeppesen & Lars Frederiksen, 2006. "Why Do Users Contribute to Firm-Hosted User Communities? The Case of Computer-Controlled Music Instruments," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 17(1), pages 45-63, February.
    10. Lakhani, Karim R. & von Hippel, Eric, 2003. "How open source software works: "free" user-to-user assistance," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 923-943, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas Le Texier & Ludovic Ragni, 2019. "Concurrence 'hybride', innovation et régulation : un modèle de duopole," GREDEG Working Papers 2019-29, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    2. Njål Sivertstøl, 2018. "Why Help Others? A Study of Consumers’ Participation in Online Communities for Customer Support," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 9(4), pages 1442-1476, December.
    3. Cuntz, Alexander & Peuckert, Jan, 2023. "From hackers to start-ups: Innovation commons and local entrepreneurial activity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(2).
    4. Tuba Bakici, 2020. "Comparison of crowdsourcing platforms from social-psychological and motivational perspectives," Post-Print hal-02966992, HAL.
    5. Matti Grosse, 2018. "How User-Innovators Pave the Way for a Sustainable Energy Future: A Study among German Energy Enthusiasts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Sylvain Bureau, 2014. "Piracy as an avant-gardist deviance: how do entrepreneurial pirates contribute to the wealth or misery of nations?," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 22(4), pages 426-438.
    7. Anastasiou Kartas & Sigi Goode, 2012. "Use, perceived deterrence and the role of software piracy in video game console adoption," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 261-277, April.
    8. Thomas Le Texier & Ludovic Ragni, 2019. "'Hybrid' competition, innovation outcomes and regulation: A duopoly model [Concurrence 'hybride', innovation et régulation : Un modèle de duopole]," Post-Print halshs-02389002, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Outlaw community innovation; video game consoles; homebrew software;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M10 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - General
    • M20 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Economics - - - General

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