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Childcare Markets and Maternal Employment: A Typology

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  • Lindsay Flynn

Abstract

How does the structure of a country’s childcare market influence maternal employment? Childcare markets vary across countries, leading mothers to rely on various forms of care depending on what is available to them in both the public (state-provided) and private (non-state) childcare markets. Maternal employment is higher in countries that combine comprehensive childcare policies with an available and affordable private care market. When aspects of either the public or private market are lacking, the employment of mothers, and especially mothers with young children, is lower. This paper proposes a four-fold classification scheme based on the type of ""penalty"" that women experience in the labor market as mothers. It then links each penalty to distinct policy structures of childcare markets, and shows that the four penalties are visible at both the country and individual level. By articulating how public and private care markets work in concert to shape maternal employment, this paper adds to a literature that to date has focused primarily on the role of public childcare in reconciling work and family.

Suggested Citation

  • Lindsay Flynn, 2018. "Childcare Markets and Maternal Employment: A Typology," LIS Working papers 728, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:728
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eliana Garces & Duncan Thomas & Janet Currie, 2002. "Longer-Term Effects of Head Start," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 999-1012, September.
    2. Del Boca, Daniela & Locatelli, Marilena & Vuri, Daniela, 2004. "Child Care Choices by Italian Households," IZA Discussion Papers 983, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Karsten Hank & Michaela R. Kreyenfeld, 2000. "Does the availability of childcare influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2000-003, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
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    1. Privalko, Ivan & Maître, Bertrand & Watson, Dorothy & Grotti, Raffaele, 2019. "Access to childcare and home care services across Europe: an analysis of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), 2016," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BKMNEXT383.

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