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Extreme justifications fuel polarization

Author

Listed:
  • Christiane Buschinger

    (Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany)

  • Markus Eyting

    (Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany)

  • Florian Hett

    (Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany)

  • Judd Kessler

    (The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, USA)

Abstract

How does polarization — as measured by mistreatment of political rivals — spread? In an online experiment, participants choose between splitting financial resources equally or discriminating against a supporter of the opposing political party. We vary the information subjects receive about others’ choices and justifications for discrimination. Exposure to extreme justifications for discrimination increases discrimination — particularly in a polarized environment, when many others are already discriminating — and it leads participants to adopt more extreme justifications themselves. Our findings suggest a self-reinforcing dynamic that may fuel polarization: Exposure to extreme statements increases polarization and the prevalence of extreme reasoning.

Suggested Citation

  • Christiane Buschinger & Markus Eyting & Florian Hett & Judd Kessler, 2025. "Extreme justifications fuel polarization," Working Papers 2602, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, revised Nov 2025.
    • Handle: RePEc:jgu:wpaper:2602
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    File URL: https://download.uni-mainz.de/RePEc/pdf/Discussion_Paper_2602.pdf
    File Function: first version, 2026
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    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C9 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments
    • D01 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
    • D9 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics

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