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U.S. Inflation Dynamics: What Drives Them Over Different Frequencies?

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  • Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan
  • Mr. Sam Ouliaris

Abstract

This paper aims to improve the understanding of U.S. inflation dynamics by separating out structural from cyclical effects using frequency domain techniques. Most empirical studies of inflation dynamics do not distinguish between secular and cyclical movements, and we show that such a distinction is critical. In particular, we study traditional Phillips curve (TPC) and new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) models of inflation, and conclude that the long-run secular decline in inflation cannot be explained in terms of changes in external trade and global factor markets. These variables tend to impact inflation primarily over the business cycle. We infer that the secular decline in inflation may well reflect improved monetary policy credibility and, thus, maintaining low inflation in the long run is closely linked to anchored inflation expectations.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan & Mr. Sam Ouliaris, 2006. "U.S. Inflation Dynamics: What Drives Them Over Different Frequencies?," IMF Working Papers 2006/159, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2006/159
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Erasmus K. Kersting & Mark A. Wynne, 2007. "Openness and inflation," Staff Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Apr.
    2. Pataracchia, Beatrice, 2011. "The spectral representation of Markov switching ARMA models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 11-15, July.
    3. Mr. Benjamin L Hunt, 2007. "U.K. Inflation and Relative Prices over the Last Decade: How Important was Globalization?," IMF Working Papers 2007/208, International Monetary Fund.

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