IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/halshs-00618221.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

De l'usage du principe de précaution en univers controversé : entre débats publics et expertise

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier Godard

    (CIRED - centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

Abstract

Depuis quelques années une nouvelle référence normative est apparue dans le champ de l'environnement : le principe de précaution. Il a commencé à être reconnu par le droit international et par le droit interne. Certains y voient une source de nouvelles obligations contraignant les responsables publics à refuser l'autorisation d'une activité ou d'un produit tant que demeurent des doutes sur l'existence possible de risques pour la santé et l'environnement. Avec cette interprétation, le principe serait l'instrument qui permettrait de mettre fin à l'indécision et aux boucles enchevêtrées des controverses scientifiques et sociales. L'article montre cependant que cette interprétation ne correspond pas aux définitions retenues dans les textes juridiques et qu'elle est indéfendable. En univers scientifiquement controversé, le principe n'a pas vocation à réduire l'incertitude mais au contraire à la porter comme question vivante dans la société. L'enjeu en est l'invention de nouvelles procédures collectives dans le cadre desquelles les acteurs sociaux seront amenés à faire face de façon explicite et raisonnable aux situations de risques. Il y a deux voies concurrentes pour le faire : une logique de décision reposant sur l'expertise et celle s'appuyant sur des procédures " démocratiques ", qui combinent débats publics et implication des citoyens. Est-il possible d'éviter de s'enfermer dans le vieux conflit entre ces deux voies ? L'étude des rôles assumés, le plus souvent de façon tacite, par les groupes d'experts fait ressortir les questions pour lesquelles des procédures d'association des citoyens et de débat public organisé devraient être développées.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Godard, 1999. "De l'usage du principe de précaution en univers controversé : entre débats publics et expertise," Post-Print halshs-00618221, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00618221
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00618221
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00618221/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olivier Godard, 1997. "Les enjeux des négociations sur le climat," Post-Print halshs-00624074, HAL.
    2. Olivier Godard, 1997. "Social Decision-Making under Scientific Controversy, Expertise, and the Precautionary Principle," Post-Print halshs-00624027, HAL.
    3. Olivier Godard & Jean Michel Salles, 1991. "Entre nature et société, les jeux de l'irréversibilité dans la construction économique et sociale du champ de l'environnement," Post-Print hal-02961801, HAL.
    4. Claude Henry, 1974. "Investment decisions under uncertainty: The "irreversibility effect"," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/327343, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    5. Henry, Claude, 1974. "Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty: The "Irreversibility Effect."," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 64(6), pages 1006-1012, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Franco Romerio, 2002. "Which Paradigm for Managing the Risk of Ionizing Radiation?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(1), pages 59-66, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hourcade, Jean-Charles & Salles, Jean-Michel & Thery, Daniel, 1992. "Ecological economics and scientific controversies. Lessons from some recent policy making in the EEC," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 211-233, December.
    2. Richard S. J. Tol & In Chang Hwang & Frédéric Reynès, 2012. "The Effect of Learning on Climate Policy under Fat-tailed Uncertainty," Working Paper Series 5312, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
    3. Laure Cabantous & Olivier Chanel & Jean-Christophe Vergnaud, 2009. "Transport, Health and Climate Change: Deciding on the Optimal Policy," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 120, pages 11-36.
    4. Attanasi, Giuseppe Marco & Montesano, Aldo, 2010. "Testing Value vs Waiting Value in Environmental Decisions under Uncertainty," TSE Working Papers 10-154, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    5. Joëts, Marc & Mignon, Valérie & Razafindrabe, Tovonony, 2017. "Does the volatility of commodity prices reflect macroeconomic uncertainty?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 313-326.
    6. Giovanni Immordino, 2005. "Uncertainty and the Cost of Reversal," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 30(2), pages 119-128, December.
    7. Gordon G. Sollars & Sorin Tuluca, 2012. "The Optimal Timing of Strategic Action – A Real Options Approach," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 8(2), pages 78-95.
    8. Gray, Richard S., 1990. "The Role of Learning in Investment Decisions," 1990 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Vancouver, Canada 261490, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    9. Julien Jacob & Caroline Orset, 2020. "Innovation, information, lobby and tort law under uncertainty," Working Papers of BETA 2020-25, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    10. Edouard Civel & Marc Baudry, 2018. "The Fate of Inventions. What can we learn from Bayesian learning in strategic options model of adoption ?," EconomiX Working Papers 2018-47, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    11. Guillouet, Louise & Martimort, David, 2023. "Acting in the Darkness: Towards some Foundations for the Precautionary Principle," TSE Working Papers 23-1411, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised 05 Jan 2024.
    12. Adeosun, Opeoluwa Adeniyi & Tabash, Mosab I. & Anagreh, Suhaib, 2022. "Oil price and economic performance: Additional evidence from advanced economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    13. Barbier , Edward B., 2020. "From Limits to Growth to Planetary Boundaries: The Evolution of Economic Views on Natural Resource Scarcity," 2020 Conference (64th), February 12-14, 2020, Perth, Western Australia 305259, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    14. van den Bergh, Jeroen C.J.M., 2008. "Optimal diversity: Increasing returns versus recombinant innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 68(3-4), pages 565-580, December.
    15. Jens Abildtrup & Jacques-Alexandre Laye & Maximilien Laye & Anne Stenger, 2012. "Irreversibility and Uncertainty in Multifunctional Forest Management Allocation," Post-Print hal-01072290, HAL.
    16. Marcello Basili, 2006. "A Rational Decision Rule with Extreme Events," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(6), pages 1721-1728, December.
    17. Zhao, Jinhua, 2003. "Irreversible abatement investment under cost uncertainties: tradable emission permits and emissions charges," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(12), pages 2765-2789, December.
    18. Ali Ahmed, Huson Joher & Wadud, I.K.M. Mokhtarul, 2011. "Role of oil price shocks on macroeconomic activities: An SVAR approach to the Malaysian economy and monetary responses," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 8062-8069.
    19. Coggins, Jay S. & Ramezani, Cyrus A., 1998. "An Arbitrage-Free Approach to Quasi-Option Value," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 103-125, March.
    20. Long, Shaobo & Zhang, Rui, 2022. "The asymmetric effects of international oil prices, oil price uncertainty and income on urban residents’ consumption in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 789-805.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00618221. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.