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The middle class in Argentina: Dynamics, characteristics and implications for public policies

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastien Carrere

    (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Clement Mathieu

    (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Francois Combarnous

    (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Gabriel Kessker

    (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Eric Rougier

    (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Ariel Wilkis

Abstract

L'Argentine est généralement considérée comme le pays typique de la classe moyenne en Amérique latine. Pourtant, si les crises successives qui ont frappé l'économie argentine au cours des quatre dernières décennies ont manifestement affecté à la fois la taille et la stabilité de sa classe moyenne, les études universitaires manquent quant aux conséquences de ces crises sur la stratification socio-économique et sur les préférences et les attentes de la classe moyenne. Le présent article comble cette lacune en se concentrant sur la période la plus récente. Pour ce faire, nous adoptons un plan de recherche original basé sur une combinaison d'enquêtes quantitatives, fondées sur des enquêtes auprès des ménages existantes et des matériaux qualitatifs originaux, qui vise à : (1) identifier la classe moyenne argentine et sa structure, ainsi que de décrire sa dynamique ; (2) examiner le comportement et les perceptions subjectives du groupe, ainsi que ses attentes en termes de politiques publiques ; et (3) évaluer dans quelle mesure la conception des politiques publiques et des stratégies du marché privé est influencée par la composition et la dynamique de la classe moyenne argentine. Premièrement, notre analyse montre que la tendance à la mobilité ascendante qui a été dominante jusqu'en 2007 et a conduit à l'expansion d'une nouvelle classe moyenne (inférieure) argentine s'est progressivement ralentie et même inversée après 2014. Deuxièmement, la mise en oeuvre d'une analyse en cluster nous a conduit à identifier cinq groupes distincts au sein de la classe moyenne argentine, confirmant ainsi son hétérogénéité. Troisièmement, l'enquête qualitative menée auprès de 40 individus issus de ménages de la classe moyenne à Buenos Aires et Tucuman fournit des comptes rendus détaillés des perceptions et attentes subjectives des différents segments de la classe moyenne argentine. Quatrièmement, notre analyse confirme que la classe moyenne argentine est hétérogène en termes d'orientations politiques. Enfin, une enquête institutionnelle qualitative menée auprès de 12 représentants d'institutions publiques et privées met en évidence la mise en oeuvre récente de programmes publics ou privés spécifiquement dédiés aux ménages de la classe moyenne.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastien Carrere & Clement Mathieu & Francois Combarnous & Gabriel Kessker & Eric Rougier & Ariel Wilkis, 2022. "The middle class in Argentina: Dynamics, characteristics and implications for public policies," Post-Print hal-03773031, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03773031
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