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Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques

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  • Matthieu Clément

    (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Yves-André Faure

    (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Jean-Philippe Berrou

    (LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - IEP Bordeaux - Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux - UBM - Université Bordeaux Montaigne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • François Combarnous

    (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Dominique Darbon

    (LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - IEP Bordeaux - Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux - UBM - Université Bordeaux Montaigne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Eric Rougier

    (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Les évolutions qui ont caractérisé le Brésil durant les vingt dernières années ont provoqué des transformations socioéconomiques sensibles et généré des mouvements dans la structuration de la société brésilienne. Nous isolons la classe moyenne « monétaire » sur la base d’un intervalle mixte combinant une borne inférieure absolue, fixée à 10 dollars par jour et par tête (en PPA), et une borne supérieure relative fixée au 95ème percentile de la distribution. Il apparaît sur la base de cet intervalle que plus de 61 % des ménages brésiliens appartiennent à cette classe moyenne de revenu. En appliquant une classification multidimensionnelle, on observe que la classe moyenne des professions intermédiaires et celle des employeurs et cadres pourraient donc constituer la classe moyenne haute dont le poids serait limité au Brésil (17 % de l’ensemble de la classe moyenne). La classe moyenne des retraités et inactifs (32 % de la classe moyenne de revenu) représente la partie la plus importante de la classe moyenne au Brésil, suivie de la classe moyenne des travailleurs des secteurs primaire et secondaire (24 %). Au total, cette typologie met en évidence la forte hétérogénéité de la classe moyenne brésilienne et souligne une certaine forme de bipolarisation ou de dualité avec une classe moyenne plutôt aisée, occupant des emplois stables et hautement qualifiés, et une classe moyenne plus fragile car disposant de niveaux d’éducation et de revenu plus faibles et occupant des emplois plus instables et de moindre qualité.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Matthieu Clément & Yves-André Faure & Jean-Philippe Berrou & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Eric Rougier, 2018. "Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Papers hal-02147850, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02147850
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