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Les raisons stratégiques et économiques du recours à la main-d'œuvre étrangère dans l'enseignement supérieur et l'industrie

Author

Listed:
  • Christophe Baret

    (MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon)

  • Séverine Ventolini

    (MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon)

  • Siham Abouaissa

    (MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon)

Abstract

Cette communication traite, d'une part, des raisons qui conduisent les entreprises françaises à recruter des travailleurs étrangers hors CEE, et d'autre part, des modalités de recours à cette main d'oeuvre. Sont concernés ici les travailleurs qui entrent sur le territoire suite à une demande d'un acteur économique et non pas les étrangers entrés pour un autre motif. Deux propositions d'explication (stratégique, économique) relatives à ces raisons sont comparées au moyen d'une recherche qualitative réalisée en 2006 auprès de 18 dirigeants d'entreprises et représentants d'organisations patronales et d'intermédiaires du marché du travail. Les résultats présentés abordent les questions des raisons du recours à la main d'œuvre étrangère, des modalités de recrutement, des conditions d'emploi et de la satisfaction des entreprises vis-à-vis de l'utilisation de salariés étrangers. Ces résultats montrent que les deux propositions sont pertinentes. La première proposition relative aux motifs stratégiques du recours à la main d'œuvre étrangère est retenue car dans ces secteurs à haut niveau de qualification que sont l'éducation-recherche et l'industrie, les organisations ont le plus souvent recours à la main d'œuvre étrangère pour accéder à des compétences non disponibles localement. La proposition économique de la segmentation du marché du travail est également retenue, celle du remplacement ne l'est pas, du moins pas directement. Nous n'avons pas constaté de recours à la main d'œuvre étrangère (en situation régulière) permettant de réduire le coût du travail. En effet, les travailleurs étrangers bénéficient des mêmes droits que les salariés français, de plus l'introduction de cette main d'œuvre est coûteuse pour les organisations. Le recours à la main d'œuvre étrangère permet néanmoins à certaines entreprises d'éviter de se lancer dans des coûteuses revalorisations des salaires et amélioration des conditions de travail. Ce phénomène de dévalorisation de l'image sociale des emplois ne concerne pas que les métiers manuels et les bas niveaux de qualification, mais aussi les métiers très qualifiés de chercheurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Christophe Baret & Séverine Ventolini & Siham Abouaissa, 2007. "Les raisons stratégiques et économiques du recours à la main-d'œuvre étrangère dans l'enseignement supérieur et l'industrie," Post-Print hal-01189504, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01189504
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://univ-lyon3.hal.science/hal-01189504v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. Charles Galunic & Erin Anderson, 2000. "From Security to Mobility: Generalized Investments in Human Capital and Agent Commitment," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, February.
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