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La nouvelle désinflation compétitive européenne

Author

Listed:
  • Jérôme Creel

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Jacques Le Cacheux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

La stratégie économique actuelle de l'Allemagne n'est qu'une variante de la " désinflation compétitive " qu'en d'autres temps la France a mise en œuvre, avatar des stratégies non coopératives qui, depuis les premiers pas du processus d'unification monétaire européen, ont pesé, faute d'institutions communes ou de mécanismes de coordination adéquats, sur les performances économiques de l'UE. L'élargissement, qui a considérablement accru le nombre de membres et affaibli les instances de coordination risque de conforter ces tentations opportunistes des États membres. Elles prennent, au sein de l'Union monétaire, des formes nouvelles, parce que les instruments dont disposent les gouvernements nationaux ne sont plus les mêmes : aux " dévaluations compétitives ", désormais impossibles dans le cadre de l'Union monétaire, les gouvernements nationaux ont substitué d'autres moyens ; la concurrence fiscale, le dumping social, les politiques de modération salariale, etc., apparaissent comme des outils de " désinflation compétitive ", améliorant les coûts relatifs de production. Ainsi, la baisse des coûts relatifs allemands est désormais substantielle, en particulier par rapport à certaines économies du Sud de l'Europe. Mais notre analyse suggère que la stratégie allemande risque d'être moins efficace que les expériences similaires menées dans de " petites économies ouvertes ". Deux hypothèses permettent d'éclairer l'adoption, par l'Allemagne, d'une stratégie de désinflation compétitive. La première met l'accent sur les implications macroéconomiques et distributives d'un éventuel changement des modes de financement privé en Allemagne, notamment en matière d'évolution du rapport de forces entre salariés et détenteurs du capital, sous l'influence grandissante des marchés financiers. La seconde hypothèse concerne le régime de croissance de l'Allemagne et son mode d'insertion dans l'économie mondiale : l'Allemagne et les autres économies européennes peuvent-elles compter, grâce à leurs spécificités ou à des politiques bien conçues d'encouragement à l'innovation, sur des aspects " hors prix " de la compétitivité ?

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Creel & Jacques Le Cacheux, 2006. "La nouvelle désinflation compétitive européenne," Post-Print hal-01021312, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01021312
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.098.07
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01021312
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    Cited by:

    1. Jérôme Creel & Éloi Laurent & Jacques Le Cacheux, 2009. "L'Europe en crises," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(3), pages 445-470.
    2. Céline Antonin & Christophe Blot & Sabine Le Bayon & Catherine Mathieu, 2013. "La quête de la compétitivité ouvre la voie de la déflation," Post-Print hal-03470596, HAL.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2082 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Jérôme Creel & Éloi Laurent & Jacques Le Cacheux, 2007. "Politiques et performances macroéconomiques de la zone euro. Institutions, incitations, stratégies," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(3), pages 249-281.
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09h95ai71so is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Éloi Laurent & Jacques Le Cacheux, 2010. "Taille des pays et stratégies de croissance," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(1), pages 171-190.
    7. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09i29kl94h0 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2139 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Jacques Le Cacheux, 2007. "Le nerf de la guerre (économique) : Les faiblesses du budget européen," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 89(3), pages 71-87.
    10. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2139 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Sarah Guillou & Lionel Nesta, 2011. "Quelle politique industrielle dans la mondialisation ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01024491, HAL.
    12. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09h95chf5k8 is not listed on IDEAS
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    JEL classification:

    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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