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Fares, service levels, and demographics: what determines commuter rail ridership in the long run?

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  • Richard Voith

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  • Richard Voith, 1994. "Fares, service levels, and demographics: what determines commuter rail ridership in the long run?," Working Papers 94-21, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedpwp:94-21
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    2. Abe, Ryosuke & Kato, Hironori, 2017. "What led to the establishment of a rail-oriented city? Determinants of urban rail supply in Tokyo, Japan, 1950–2010," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 72-79.
    3. Zhang, Zheng & Fujii, Hidemichi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2014. "How does Commuting Behavior Change Due to Incentives? An Empirical Study of the Beijing Subway System," MPRA Paper 54691, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Asensio, J., 2000. "The success story of Spanish suburban railways: determinants of demand and policy implications," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 295-302, October.
    5. Bilotkach, Volodymyr & Fageda, Xavier & Flores-Fillol, Ricardo, 2010. "Scheduled service versus personal transportation: The role of distance," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 60-72, January.
    6. Mizutani, Fumitoshi & Uranishi, Shuji, 2020. "An analysis of the inter-effect of structural reforms and rail mode share," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    7. Devajyoti Deka & Thomas Marchwinski, 2014. "The revenue and environmental benefits of new off-peak commuter rail service: the case of the Pascack Valley line in New Jersey," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 157-172, January.
    8. Steven I.-J. Y. Chien & Chuck F. M. Tsai, 2007. "Optimization of Fare Structure and Service Frequency for Maximum Profitability of Transit Systems," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(5), pages 477-500, July.
    9. Nicolas Gendron-Carrier & Marco Gonzalez-Navarro & Stefano Polloni & Matthew A. Turner, 2022. "Subways and Urban Air Pollution," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 164-196, January.
    10. Liao, Yuan & Torbjörnsson, Carl & Gil, Jorge & Pereira, Rafael H.M. & Yeh, Sonia & Gohl, Niklas & Schrauth, Philipp & Alessandretti, Laura, 2025. "Uncovering the social and spatial effects of fare cuts on public transport with mobile geolocation data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    11. Baum-Snow, Nathaniel & Kahn, Matthew E., 2000. "The effects of new public projects to expand urban rail transit," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 241-263, August.
    12. Wijeweera, Albert & Charles, Michael B., 2013. "Determinants Of Passenger Rail Demand In Perth, Australia: A Time Series Analysis," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 13(2), pages 217-230.
    13. Sharaby, Nir & Shiftan, Yoram, 2012. "The impact of fare integration on travel behavior and transit ridership," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 63-70.
    14. Fageda, Xavier & Flores-Fillol, Ricardo, 2024. "Service-quality and pricing strategies in the airline industry: The role of distance," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    15. Lyons, Torrey & Ewing, Reid & Tian, Guang, 2025. "Coverage vs frequency: Is spatial coverage or temporal frequency more impactful on transit ridership?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    16. Rahman, Moshiur & Yasmin, Shamsunnahar & Eluru, Naveen, 2019. "Controlling for endogeneity between bus headway and bus ridership: A case study of the Orlando region," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 208-219.
    17. Lascano Kežić, Marcelo E. & Durango-Cohen, Pablo Luis, 2018. "New ridership for old rail: An analysis of changes in the utilization of Chicago's urban rail system, 1990–2008," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 17-26.
    18. Joseph DeSalvo & Sisinnio Concas, 2013. "The Effect of Density and Trip-Chaining on the Interaction between Urban Form and Transit Demand," Working Papers 0413, University of South Florida, Department of Economics.
    19. Chen, Cynthia & Chen, Jason & Barry, James, 2009. "Diurnal pattern of transit ridership: a case study of the New York City subway system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 176-186.

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