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Managing Monetary Policy Normalization

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Abstract

We propose a new framework for monetary policy analysis to study monetary policy normalization when exiting a liquidity trap. The optimal combination of reserves and interest rate policy requires an increase in liquidity (reserves) a few quarters after the policy rate is set at the effective lower bound. Removal of accommodation requires that quantitative tightening starts before the liftoff of the policy rate. Moreover, the withdrawal of liquidity takes place at a very slow pace relative to the normalization of the policy rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluca Benigno & Pierpaolo Benigno, 2022. "Managing Monetary Policy Normalization," Staff Reports 1015, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:94162
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    1. Matthew Canzoneri & Robert Cumby & Behzad Diba & David López‐Salido, 2008. "Monetary Aggregates and Liquidity in a Neo‐Wicksellian Framework," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(8), pages 1667-1698, December.
    2. Arce, Óscar & Nuño, Galo & Thaler, Dominik & Thomas, Carlos, 2020. "A large central bank balance sheet? Floor vs corridor systems in a New Keynesian environment," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 350-367.
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    4. Fiorella De Fiore & Marie Hoerova & Ciaran Rogers & Harald Uhlig, 2018. "Money Markets, Collateral and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 25319, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Alisdair McKay & Emi Nakamura & Jón Steinsson, 2016. "The Power of Forward Guidance Revisited," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(10), pages 3133-3158, October.
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    7. Cúrdia, Vasco & Woodford, Michael, 2011. "The central-bank balance sheet as an instrument of monetarypolicy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 54-79, January.
    8. Pierpaolo Benigno & Michael Woodford, 2004. "Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy: A Linear-Quadratic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2003, Volume 18, pages 271-364, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Michael Woodford, 2000. "Monetary Policy in a World Without Money," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 3(2), pages 229-260, July.
    10. Vasco Cúrdia & Michael Woodford, 2010. "Credit Spreads and Monetary Policy," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(s1), pages 3-35, September.
    11. Benigno, Pierpaolo & Benigno, Gianluca, 2021. "Interest, Reserves and Prices," CEPR Discussion Papers 16222, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    12. Matthew Canzoneri & Robert Cumby & Behzad Diba, 2017. "Should the Federal Reserve Pay Competitive Interest on Reserves?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(4), pages 663-693, June.
    13. Iván Werning, 2015. "Incomplete Markets and Aggregate Demand," NBER Working Papers 21448, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Pierpaolo Benigno & Salvatore Nisticò, 2017. "Safe Assets, Liquidity, and Monetary Policy," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(2), pages 182-227, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carrier, Alexandre & Mavromatis, Kostas, 2025. "Optimal normalization policy under behavioral expectations," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    2. Cantore, Cristiano & Meichtry, Pascal, 2024. "Unwinding quantitative easing: State dependency and household heterogeneity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    3. Alexander Lubis & Rangga Pratama & Merlin Dwi Yunaniar & Wahyu Agung Nugroho & Dian Prima Susiandri, 2025. "Exit Policy, Liquidity Normalization, and lts Implications on Central Bank Policy Transmission," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 28(1), pages 85-116, April.
    4. Porcellacchia, Davide & Sheedy, Kevin D., 2024. "The macroeconomics of liquidity in financial intermediation," Working Paper Series 2939, European Central Bank.
    5. Pierpaolo Benigno, 2025. "The International Supply of Reserve Currency," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 73(2), pages 393-432, June.
    6. Richard Harrison, 2024. "Optimal quantitative easing and tightening," Bank of England working papers 1063, Bank of England.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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