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The cost of bank regulatory capital

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Abstract

The Basel I Accord introduced a discontinuity in required capital for undrawn credit commitments. While banks had to set aside capital when they extended commitments with maturities in excess of one year, short-term commitments were not subject to a capital requirement. The Basel II Accord sought to reduce this discontinuity by extending capital standards to most short-term commitments. We use these differences in capital standards around the one-year maturity to infer the cost of bank regulatory capital. Our results show that following Basel I, undrawn fees and all-in-drawn credit spreads on short-term commitments declined (relative to those of long-term commitments). In contrast, following the passage of Basel II, both undrawn fees and spreads went up. These results are robust and confirm that banks act to conserve regulatory capital by modifying the cost and supply of credit.

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  • Matthew Plosser & João A. C. Santos, 2018. "The cost of bank regulatory capital," Staff Reports 853, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:853
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    1. Paligorova, Teodora & Santos, João A.C., 2017. "Monetary policy and bank risk-taking: Evidence from the corporate loan market," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 35-49.
    2. Van den Heuvel, Skander J., 2008. "The welfare cost of bank capital requirements," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 298-320, March.
    3. Hale, Galina & Santos, João A.C., 2009. "Do banks price their informational monopoly?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 185-206, August.
    4. João A. C. Santos, 2011. "Bank Corporate Loan Pricing Following the Subprime Crisis," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(6), pages 1916-1943.
    5. Ivashina, Victoria & Scharfstein, David, 2010. "Bank lending during the financial crisis of 2008," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 319-338, September.
    6. Vitaly M. Bord & João A.C. Santos, 2014. "Banks' Liquidity and the Cost of Liquidity to Corporations," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 46(s1), pages 13-45, February.
    7. Cornett, Marcia Millon & McNutt, Jamie John & Strahan, Philip E. & Tehranian, Hassan, 2011. "Liquidity risk management and credit supply in the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 297-312, August.
    8. João A. C. Santos & Andrew Winton, 2008. "Bank Loans, Bonds, and Information Monopolies across the Business Cycle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(3), pages 1315-1359, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bonaccorsi di Patti, Emilia & Moscatelli, Mirko & Pietrosanti, Stefano, 2023. "The impact of bank regulation on the cost of credit: Evidence from a discontinuity in capital requirements," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    2. Huang, Chao & Moreira, Fernando & Archibald, Thomas W., 2024. "Should Basel-style liquidity requirements be set countercyclically? Evidence from a numerical analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    3. Yasmeen Akhtar & Ghulam Mujtaba Kayani & Tahir Yousaf, 2019. "The Effects of Regulatory Capital Requirements and Ownership Structure on Bank Lending in Emerging Asian Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Kristian S. Blickle & Quirin Fleckenstein & Sebastian Hillenbrand & Anthony Saunders, 2020. "The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share," Staff Reports 922, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    5. Chodorow-Reich, Gabriel & Darmouni, Olivier & Luck, Stephan & Plosser, Matthew, 2022. "Bank liquidity provision across the firm size distribution," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(3), pages 908-932.
    6. David Glancy & Robert Kurtzman, 2022. "How Do Capital Requirements Affect Loan Rates? Evidence from High Volatility Commercial Real Estate," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(1), pages 88-127.
    7. Su, Yang & Zhang, Junrui & Zhao, Hong & Zhou, Mingming, 2025. "Other comprehensive income volatility and bank risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Richard K. Crump & João A. C. Santos, 2018. "Review of New York Fed studies on the effects of post-crisis banking reforms," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 24-2, pages 71-90.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Basel accords; capital regulations; cost of capital; loan spreads;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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