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Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan : The Gender Perspective

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  • Shahnaz Hamid

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics)

Abstract

This paper analyses gender dimensions in rural to urban migration (age 10 years and above) in Pakistan. The study is based on Labour Force Surveys 1996-2006. The findings of the study show that overtime internal migration (age 10 years and above) remained unchanged. Female migrants dominate in internal migration (age 10 years and above). In case of female migration, marriage plays a vital role. Further the direction of migration reveals that over time in internal migration the share of rural to urban migration has increased while urban to urban migration declined, however, the share of urban to urban migration remains highest in internal migration. Females are dominating in recent rural to urban move compared to long term and total rural to urban migration. Gender composition of intra-provincial move of rural to urban migration reveals that in all provinces female migrants are dominated. Further, the trend of intra and inter provincial move indicates that in all provinces long distance movement of females has increased. Not only the share of female migrant in rural to urban migration increased but there seems to be an increasing trend in family migration to cities. This seems to be due to the changes in agrarian structure and rural economy particularly increased in landless households, declined in share cropping and rise in small land holding. In addition to this , the trend in intra and inter-provincial move reveals that except in province of NWFP in all three provinces migration to long distance has an upward trend. Gender composition reveals that in all these three provinces the proportion of both male and female migrants increased over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Shahnaz Hamid, 2010. "Rural to Urban Migration in Pakistan : The Gender Perspective," Development Economics Working Papers 22829, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:eab:develo:22829
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard W. Helbock, 1975. "Differential Urban Growth and Distance Considerations in Domestic Migration Flows in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 14(1), pages 53-84.
    2. Aliya H. Khan & Lubna Shehnaz, 2000. "Determinants of Internal Migration in Pakistan: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey, 1996-97," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 695-712.
    3. Oded Stark, 1991. "The Migration of Labor," Blackwell Books, Wiley Blackwell, number 1557860300, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rizwan Ul Haq & Ajmal Jahangeer & Azkar Ahmad, 2015. "Out-migration in Rural Pakistan: Does Household Poverty Status Matter?," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 315-331.
    2. Andrabi, Tahir & Das, Jishnu & Khwaja, Asim Ijaz, 2013. "Students today, teachers tomorrow: Identifying constraints on the provision of education," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 1-14.
    3. Muhammad Asim & Hafiza Naila Saddique, 2020. "Migration And Unemployment In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(3), pages 123-134, September.
    4. Muhammad Arshad & Faisal Abbas & Harald Kächele & Yasir Mehmood & Nasir Mahmood & Klaus Mueller, 2022. "Analyzing the Impact of Government Social Spending, Population Growth and Foreign Remittances on Human Development in Pakistan: Implications for Policy," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(3), pages 1607-1626, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Rural to Urban Migration; Agrarian Structure;

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - General

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